Health Safety And The Environment Engineering Essay

wellness Safety And The surround Engineering Essaywellness, Safety and Environment is considered as the top priority among the activities carried forbidden(p) in an anele colour colour bungle manufacturing. The inunct industry has commitments to get up and maintain the technologies, standards, best practices and programs which be congenital to intensify the work locating justty. The ultimate goal of the HSE is to increase guard by preventing accidents and injuries.Also, a good HSE system in an oil industry atomic number 82s to cut material mischiefes, direct and indirect costs for accidents and improves productivity . Especi completelyy for a sm only to fussyity sizing oil union, the record of consistency in good trading operations can be used to attract in the altogether business and investment. This makes the case that galosh is good for business.Therefore, Economy of the oil industry outstandingly depends upon HSE. The instruction and rest of organization in an oil and attack follow have more responsibilities in doing the operations in safe behavior. The improvements in an oil business could be achieved by reviewing the rules, policies and procedures of HSE. The emphasis should be fol started by both peers and prudence that violations of HSE rules exit not be tolerated. This cut through deals with the necessity of HSE for a sm either to medium size oil company to achieve safe and kaleable business.Shigeo 20122) INTRODUCTIONHSE plays a vital case in an oil companys development. HSE plans, policies, strategies, objectives, procedure, safety precaution system, Implementation and monitoring, Audit and direction reviews and benefits of substanceive HSE system for a teeny-weeny to medium size oil company ar discussed in this report. indemnity and Strategic ObjectivesOrganisation, Resourcesand DocumentationReviews leadinghip and CommitmentLeadership and commitmentImplementationand Monitoring happen rating and managementPlan ningAUDIT figure of speech1 shows the form affect in a typical HSE system.SAFETY HEALTH AND PERSONNEL COMPETENCE and environmental QUALITY COMMITTEES 1994.3) DISCUSSIONThe duties, responsibilities and process carried out in an footling to medium size oil company to make development in all directs of HSE atomic number 18 discussed here.3.1) LEADERSHIP AND COMMITMENTThe senior leaders of the company should have and observe the activities carried out in the industry and should make changes if needed.Some of the roles of leaders to maintain a good HSE system atomic number 18 listed below,1) Top to fag level commitment in all aspects of operations carried out in an oil industry.2) They are responsible to improve their companys HSE performance.3) Keen observation of censorious operations and maintaining perfect records for analysing and improving HSE performance.4) They should ensure the workplace safety and positivity of the company.5) Participation in every level of HSE develo pment.6) making Cost-Benefit analysis of HSE.7) day-and-night studying and acquire from accidents happened to other oil industries and implementing good methods to prevent much(prenominal) accidents in their company.The expected achievement from a leader in HSE is goal ZERO No harm to people and the environment. Petroleum evolutionOman 2011 p.2 3.1) HSE POLICIES AND strategical OBJECTIVESThe HSE policy and strategy of an oil company should be framed to repress injuries and ill-health of employees, squinchors, neighbours and public at all measures and to minimise the adverse effect of operations on environment.Some of the HSE policies of an oil company are utter below,1) Ensuring HSE considerations are given primary preference than the other business considerations.2) Maintaining a systematic approach to HSE focussing to achieve consistency in HSE improvement.3) playing regular audits and reviews.4) Ensuring compliance with international standards, relevant legislations and client requirements.5) Making accessibility of Health, Safety manuals and safe operative(a) procedures to all employees.6) initiationing the workplace and evolution the work practices to inflict dangers to the personnel as low as reasonably practicable.7) Implementing the use of best technologies to reduce the impact of our operations to the environment.8) Ensuring ability of our employees to postulate their task and providing regular training and awareness program to manage the HSE insecuritys.9) develop communication channel to ensure the HSE policies and procedures are understood by all our personnel.10) Making repeated record of inputs, feedback and requirements of employees in all sections of operation.11) Plan for move to and recover from the emergency situations.12) Reporting accidents, near misses and investigating in the manner to prevent akin(predicate) incidents in future.13) Ensuring legal Airport certification.Shigeo 20123.2) ORGANIZATION, RESOURCES A ND DOCUMENTATIONThe oil industry should make sure the workforce call for to do HSE policies and procedures. Tasks of from each one and every employee are documented and accurately maintained. The daily work of employees are recorded and strictly supervised to prevent the violations of rules and regulations. Senior supervisors should undertake obligation of maintaining safe working conditions. Some of the organisational resource issues related to HSE are as follows,1) Regular worksite surveillance by senior managers,2) Daily workplace inspection by safety engineers,3) Making availability of well trained supervisors and safety engineers for an emergency situation and for control room operations.4) Providing guideline, HSE policies and procedures in understandable way to every worker.5) Make sure that all employees are adults and they are physically and mentally fit for their respective operations.6) Providing regular HSE awareness training to all employees of all disciplines to m ake them familiar to handle the risk situations and to prevent the similar faults.The small and medium size oil industry should maintain the contract details with the large size oil industry by prim documentation. They should compare their level and standard of HSE practices with the activities carried out in a large size oil company through benchmarking. The supervisors and managers should adopt continuous learning to enhance the quality and performance of HSE.Employees should be provided with safety and protection equipments alike(p) heavy impact safety helmets, safety eye goggles, boots, gloves, coveralls and other safety tools to minimise injuries. Safety boards, signals, alarms, traffic and pedestrian signs should be installed in the workplace. These instruments are inspected frequently and documented to enhance the safe working environment.3.3) RISK paygrade AND MANAGEMENTIt is impossible to completely eliminate all the risk in an oil industry. But, it could be reduced or p revented originally occurring through an in force(p) safety risk management system.Safety management system (SMS) is the pivotal part in an oil and gas industry. Safety risk management techniques consists of lay on the line identification, Risk assessment, Risk mitigation and tracking.i) HAZARD IDENTIFICATIONHazard Identification is the initial step carried out in Safety Management System (SMS). This method is used to identify the hazards that the organization faces in its working environment. Hazard could be a fire explosion, blow out, chemical hazard, ill-health, transportation, environmental hazard, etc.The safety management system should undergo a dilate analysis of all operations. Then documents should be prepared based on what could go wrong in an operation. The hazard is a potential or existing dangerous condition that could result in an accident or incident.In a safety management system, all hazards in operations are identified and documented to analyse and implement t he necessary techniques required to eliminate or reduce the risk associated with the hazard.ii) RISK ASSESSMENTRisk assessment is the technique of analysing the identified hazards to know the consequence of each hazard. The risk assessment considers both the severity of each hazards and the probability of its occurrence.The risk assessment may show that certain hazards have acceptable level of consequence, plot other risks need definite mitigation. Proper risk assessment in an oil industry can reduce the number of accidents and can intimately prevent them before occurrence.iii) RISK MITIGATION AND TRACKING If the root provoke of hazard is identified, then the graceful mitigation process can be made. The risk mitigation can reduce or eliminate the hazards likelihood of occurrence or it can manage the risk by bring down the severity of its effects. The systematic and logical approach should be in place to counteract any risk for maintaining safe operation. The whole mitigation pr ocess should be monitored and tracked to conform that all control objectives are working properly. Bayuk CauseConsequenceshallow gaswell kick qualifying CirculationGas cut mudInflux of Hydro- carbonBlow outInjury to personnelDamage to safety critical systemenvironmental damageH2S releaseHydrocarbon flow from pressurised formationPrevention/ Control Barriers moderateness BarriersEvent / HazardFig2 Risk diagram shows the causes and consequences of inflow of hydrocarbon during drilling. Brian 2012 To mitigate the hazards during drilling and to control the well, the operator should identify the exact causes and should act appropriately if influx occurs.3.4) PLANNINGHSE plans of a small to medium size oil company are prepared in the way to enhance and guarantee the safe working conditions and healthy working environment. Some efficacious HSE plans includes,1) HSE policies, procedures, strategies and objectives, target and responsibilities.2) Cost Estimation for implementing HSE prac tices.3) Leadership and commitment, regular inspection, supervision and risk management.4) Hazard identification, risk assessment, risk mitigation and tracking.5) HSE policies, plans implementation, monitoring and documentation.6) Reporting and record accidents and near misses.7) Availability of safety equipments like Fire prevention and trash devices, first aid medical facilities.8) Environment pollution control, sanitation, waste management and reducing the usage of natural resources.9) Employees selection, proper communication and training, work inspection, monitoring.10) special training for emergency response for both employees and control room operators.11) Identifying employees fitness both physically and mentally for their tasks and making regular health civilize up and collecting feedback.Priority in HSE PracticesMost telling get rid ofEliminate the hazardUse process or method with low risk impactSUBSTITUTESegregate the hazardous productsISOLATE / checkEngineered Safe guardsPrevention Design to prevent an unwanted eventRecovery Design to mitigate harmful consequencesENGINEERORGANISATIONPROCEDUREOperating Procedures, overwork instruction, Permits, Maintenance, Emergency ResponseTraining, competency, communicationPPEPersonal Productive Equipment to wear in working environment.Least goodFig3 shows the priority in HSE operations which are carried out in oil industry. Petroleum victimisation Oman 2011 3.5) IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORINGEffective implementation of HSE plans will lead to the safe and successful business and give high secure conditions to the employees. The effective and consecrate team of supervisors, safety manager should be active every time to ensure that all HSE policies are followed without violations.The PDSA, PDCA roulette wheel and gap analysis are necessary to compare the existing HSE standards with the large scale oil industrys standards. This will achieve quality in HSE performance (QHSE).Proper monitoring should be carr ied out to avoid the ignorance and violations of the HSE rules to made the job done.PDSA cyclehttp//www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Img/209291/0061564.gifFig4 Shows the PDSA cycle. THE SCOTTISH organization HEALTH DELIVERY DIRECTORATE 2008PDCA cycleISO PDCA CycleFig5 Shows the PDCA cycle. OSAKA CITY WATERWORKS BUREAUThe workers should give place statement about the accidents and near-misses to implement necessary practices to prevent such incidents in future. Implementation of regular survey of the following aspects are very necessary,1) Health and Safety Protection equipments, Shift phase, to workers Physical and Mental health, work hours and tranquillity patterns, Alertness, Emergency response, work adaptation and satisfaction.2) Safety in Operations Drilling, sanitary completion, Installation, Production, Processing, Aircraft operation and control, Transportation.3) Environmental Hygiene Pollution due to accidents, rock oil spill, corrosion in pipelines, Offshore marine hea lth issues, reduced natural resource usage, waste management, sanitation, Promotion of re unexampledable energy, hazardous product management, reduction of venomous gas emission.Mearns et al. 19973.6) AUDIT AND MANAGEMENT REVIEWi) Auditing is the major process carried out in the business to determine whether or not the HSE management processes are implemented and functioning effectively.ii) Auditing determines the compliance of companys HSE policies with relevant legislative requirementsiii) It identifies the areas which need improvements to develop a powerful HSE management.iv) The specific areas that should be audited regularly are, a) Organisation, resources and documentation, b) Safety management system, c) Plans, policies and procedures, d) Implementation and monitoring.v) Audits may involve following methods, a) use of questionnaires, b) direct measurement and observations, c) Interviews and d) checklists.vi) Auditing process should compare the results of previous audits and are recorded properly.vii) The senior level management should review their HSE policies and management approach to maintain the continuity of suitability and effectiveness of the safety management system.SAFETY HEALTH AND PERSONNEL COMPETENCE and environmental QUALITY COMMITTEES 1994.4) BENEFITS OF HSEUndoubtedly, HSE is the primary goal of an oil company. Some of the benefits of HSE in a small to medium size oil company are express below,1) It will develop the business by new business tie-ups and new investments.2) Logical priority to safety lead to the mitigation and prevention of risks before it occurs.3) Hazard reporting ensures the effective scheduling and maintenance of the resources for the safety actions.4) Effective safety management system avoids the cost for accident investigation and it leads to an unvarying operation.5) It enhances the productivity through continuous operation.6) Effective HSE management system and proper communication between management and rest of the organisation will lead to the prevention of accident from ever occurring.7) In terms of cost Effective HSE practices will reduce the cost of accidents like repair costs, fines, damage cl designs, indemnification claims by injured workers, Potential economic effects due to air mishap.This will lead to the business enlargement and enhances productivity and turn over. Therefore, the ultimate aim of a business is to achieve targeted profit. In oil business, the profit can be achieved only due to an efficient HSE system.Bayuk5) ILLUSTRATIONThe bagpiper alpha accident in 1988 and Texas city refinery accident in 2005 are the catastrophic accidents which ruined many lives and polluted the environment. These accidents caused the loss of oil outturn and insurance payout and fine of several billions of USD.The small to medium sized oil companies should study these types of accidents and remedial actions. The large sized could survive the double-dyed(a) loss of money due to accident. Bu t, the small to medium sized oil company couldnt overcome such losses due to catastrophe.6) CONCLUSIONA small to medium size oil industry has key business plans towards the future. Their aim is to give the best safe performance in every surgical incision like drilling, completion, production, refining, transportation. Every small or medium size oil company is very enthusiastic and eager to become as a large scale oil industry by enlarging their business. They want to embark in national and international business by increasing their one-year productivity and turn over.In order to achieve these, their HSE practices should be in high standard. Because, a single catastrophic accident may reduce credibility of the company and it will reflect as a severe loss in business. So, in a medium or small sized oil company, workplace safety should be at the new wave of its activities.7) REFERENCE1) KATHARINE, R.P., 1993. Human Factors, Shift Work, And Alertness In The Offshore Oil Industry. Oxf ord, OX Health and Safety Executive.2) MEARNS, K. et al., 1997. Human And Organisational Factors In Offshore Safety. Norwich, NR Health and Safety Executive.3) SAFETY HEALTH AND PERSONNEL COMPETENCE. and ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY COMMITTEES., 1994. Guidelines For The Development And Application Of Health, Safety And Environmental Management Systems. Oxford. online. Report No. 6.36/210, pp 2-26. getable from http//www.ogp.org.uk/pubs/210.pdf Accessed 31 October 2012 .4) BAYUK, A.J., System Safety And The Benefits Of Safety Management Systems. Unpublished. online. pp 3-6. operable from http//www.asse.org/precept/businessofsafety/docs/AJBayukPaper.pdf Accessed 17 November 2012 .5) BRIAN, G., 2012. Closed-loop Circulating System Enhances Well Control. Offshore Magazine, 2012. online. useable from http//www.offshore-mag.com/articles/ scratch/volume-72/issue-4/drilling-and-completion/closed-loop-circulating-system-enhances-well-control.html Accessed 8 November 2012 .6) PAAL, K., 2011. Sc hlumberger HSE Policy Statement. online. Schlumberger. visible(prenominal) from http//www.slb.com/hse/hse_policy.aspx Accessed 8 November 2012 .7) SHIGEO, H., 2012. Health, Safety and Environmental Policy Of JX Nippon Oil Gas Exploration Corporation. JX Nippon Oil Gas Exploration Corporation. online. Available from http//www.nex.jx-group.co.jp/english/environment/hse.html Accessed 8 November 2012 .8) PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT OMAN, 2011. HSE Management System- Making Goal Zero Happen. Petroleum Development Oman. online. pp 2,13. Available from http//www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/blocks/documentation/docs/HSE_Management_Pocket%20Book_Final.pdf Accessed 22 November 2012 .9) OSAKA CITY WATERWORKS BUREAU, About ISO Management Systems. Osaka City Waterworks Bureau. online. Available from http//www.city.osaka.lg.jp/contents/wdu030/english/quality/check/iso2.html Accessed 27 November 2012 10) THE SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT HEALTH DELIVERY DIRECTORATE, 2008. The Model For Improvement. The Scott ish Government Health spoken communication Directorate. online. Available from http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/01/14161901/3 Accessed 27 November 2012 .8) BIBLIOGRAPHY1) API, 2011. Environment, Health Safety. American Petroleum Institute. online. Available from http//www.api.org/environment-health-and-safety/health-safety.aspx Accessed 8 November 2012 2) HSE, 2012. Current Priorities. Health and Safety Executive. online. Available from http//www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/priorities.htm Accessed 28 November 2012 3) PETER, W., ed., 2005. Health and safety risk management. revised ed. Leicestershire IOSH.