The Hangi Essays - Physics, Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics

The Hangi How does the construction of the Hangi cook the food with it? Introduction: The Hangi is a traditional Maori method of cooking food. Food from a Hangi is cooked underground by red-hot volcanic rocks and steam, which condenses onto the food, therefore cooking it. To make a hangi , a pile of wood is lit under the ground, heating up the light and easy to heat volcanic rock red hot. In modern Hangi , wire baskets filled with food are put inside the ground along with the volcanic rocks and covered with a wet cloth and soil dug up from the ground. The very hot steam created underground with the food has no other way of escaping, so it condensed onto the food, transferring its heat onto it. After 3 hours, the food should be completely cooked. Paragraph 1: Construction of Modern and Traditional Hangi Before the Introduction of metals and wire, the Maori only had Hangi to cook their food. In traditional Hangi , the food is laid out onto bark, large leaves, clean sticks, large leaves and other sorts of vegetation. These methods carry a whole range of uses including keeping the food clean, reduce burning, and to keep direct contact with the super-heated rocks to an absolute minimum. Some tribes used a carved wooden bowl called " Kono " to cook food by placing their food inside, then putting hot rocks on a liquid base to heat up the liquid, therefore cooking the food inside of it. The traditional Hangi cooked a variety of food such as fish, birds, other land animals, and vegetable leaves such as Puha , Kokihi and Kohetake . This method of cooking food was not however mainly used for cooking food but also favoured by Tohunga (Expert Practitioners) for making medicines and remedies by heating up leaves, bark and other organic matter. The introductio n of cooking vessels such as pots and pans ended the daily use of Hangi to cook food. This is because Hangi take a lot of time, preparation and planning to go into it, while the use of a pot or pan can make that process much faster.In modern Hangi , the leaves that were used are likely to be substituted with aluminium foil and metal baskets made of wire. The baskets prepared with food wrapped with aluminium foil are carefully placed inside the stones, with cabbage leaves on the bottom of the basket to prevent the basket and aluminium foil from burning. The food is then covered on the top with a wet cloth, then sprayed with water to create extra steam for the Hangi to cook on. Then a mound of Earth is placed on top of the Hangi is a way which traps the steam and heat from escaping. The food is then cooked and ready to eat in 3 to 4 hours. The modern Hangi , in my opinion, is better that the traditional Hangi for a number of reasons. Firstly, the tr aditional Hangi uses material they find in the bush such as leaves, bark and sticks to put their food over. This might be a health hazard to the people that eat the food as dirt and other debris such as ash from burning objects like wood, or the dirt finding a way to get into and contaminate the food. Also, people might get burn in the making of the fire, especially in the very hot conditions inside and near the Hangi . A modern " Hangi Machine" is available for purchase and it is a much safer way to cook food. With this Hangi machine, you are able to cook kai very easily, with less preparation and danger. But I believe the Hangi Machine undermines the whole "traditional cuisine" part of the Hangi . Paragraph 2: Types of Heat Transfer and Open and Closed Systems Liquids and Gases expand when they are heated. This is because the particles in the liquids and gases vibrate faster and faster as they get hotter, causing them to move. They also lose energy when they are cooler, slowing the vibration of the particles down, which makes the particles slower than when the liquid and gases are

Using the Spanish Verb Deber

Using the Spanish Verb Deber The Spanish verb deber is quite common and can be used to express obligation or that something that is likely.   Key Takeaways: Using the Spanish Verb 'Deber' The everyday verb deber is most often used to express that someone has a debt or is obligated to do something.The phrase deber de can be used to indicate that something is highly probable.In the preterite, deber is used to indicate that something should have been done. Expressing Obligation When used in this way, deber is frequently similar in meaning to the English must, should, or ought: Debes estudiar tus lecciones. (You ought to study your lessons.) ¿Quà © carro debo comprar? (Which car should I buy?)Alguien deber hablar de todo esto. (Someone will have to talk about all this.)No debe dormirse despuà ©s de comer. (He shouldnt go to sleep after eating.) The tone of deber to express obligation can be softened by using the conditional form instead of the present tense, although the difference isnt always translatable. When telling someone what he or she should be doing, using the conditional can come across as more polite: No deberà ­as abrir un blog si vas a hablar de temas personales. (You shouldnt start a blog if youre going to talk about personal subjects.)La Fuerza Aerea deberà ­a comprar mejores aviones de combate. (The Air Force should buy better combat planes.)Hay 25 libros que deberà ­amos leer antes de cumplir los 30. (There are 25 books we should read before we reach our 30s.) Expressing a Debt When used with a noun direct object, deber can usually be translated as owe. No me debes nada. (You dont owe me anything.)El gobierno le debe ms de $3 millones a mi madre. (The government owes my mother more than $3 million.)Siempre te voy a deber el haberme levantado cuando tan abajo estaba. (I am always going to owe you for having lifted me up when I was so low.) Expressing Strong Probability The phrase debes de is used to refer to a strong likelihood. In such cases, it is often the equivalent of the English must when must isnt used to express obligation: No debiste de firmar nada. (You must not have signed anything.)Debo de ser anormal. (I must be abnormal.)Deben de estar en buena condicià ³n. (In all likelihood, they are in good condition.) It is very common in some areas, especially in speech, to drop the de in sentences such as those above. However, out of context, doing so would make the sentences ambiguous. Thus while ​debà ­as de verme can mean only you must have seen me, debà ­as verme can mean either you must have seen me or you ought to have seen me. In that case, you would need to know the context to understand what was meant. On occasion, in some regions, you may hear deber de to express obligation. However, this usage is frowned upon by grammarians and should not be imitated if you are learning the language. Using Deber in the Preterite In the preterite tense, the rough equivalent of the simple past tense in English, deber can be used to indicate that something should have been done. Son las palabras que no debiste decir. (They are the words you shouldnt have said.)Pedro debià ³ pedir disculpas a sus empleados tras la difusià ³n del video. (Pedro should have asked for forgiveness from his employees after the video was broadcast.)Debà ­ ver que esto iba a ocurrir. (I should have seen that this was going to happen.) Phrases Using Deber These are among the common phrases using deber: Deberse a (owing to, due to): El aumento de las enfermedades crà ³nicas se debe a nuestro estilo de vida. (The increase in chronic illness is due to our lifestyle.)Cumplir con su deber (to do or fulfill ones duty): Complà ­ con mi deber de votar. (I fulfilled my duty to vote.)No deberse a nadie (to be answerable to nobody): El presidente no se debe a nadie - salvo a todos los ciudadanos de todos y cada uno de los estados. (The president isnt answerable to anyone - except for all the citizens of each and every one of the states.)Sentido del deber (sense of duty): No puedes decir que me falta el sentido del deber. (You cant say I lack a sense of duty.)

Delinquent Juveniles Should Not Be Tried as Adults Essay

Delinquent Juveniles Should Not Be Tried as Adults - Essay Example Initiation of early intervention programs and counseling will effectively deter juvenile delinquency. Delinquent juveniles should not be tried as adults Introduction The criminal justice system experiences many problems that hinder it from reducing the crime rates in the US. Despite the efforts that have been made in policing, prosecution, and sentencing of the criminal acts, the criminal justice system has remained ineffective in deterring crimes. One of the major problems with the criminal justice system is trying and sentencing of criminal juvenile offenders as adults (Siegel & Worrall, 2012, p. 315). Juvenile offenders lack the mental and emotional capacity to form intent and understand the consequences of committing crimes. According to the legal definition, a delinquent juvenile is a child who commits criminal acts that are punishable by law. According to the sociological perspective, a delinquent juvenile is just a child with antisocial behaviors in the society. The criminal j ustice system should aim at rehabilitating the juvenile offenders and not punishing them. Judges, lawyers, and prosecutors obstruct the processes that must be followed in trying the juvenile offenders. Almost all States have amended the laws to make it easier to sentence the juvenile offenders as adults (Siegel & Worrall, 2012, p. 315). ... presentation of the juvenile offenders during the trial and constitutionality of the harsh punishments has made the criminal justice system ineffective in prosecuting the juveniles. Juveniles have been prosecuted for joint crimes with adults in crimes that may not have involved the use of violence or physical injury of the victim. According to the US laws, juveniles of 14 years lack the legal capacity to hold a driver’s license, to seek employment, or enter in to legally binding contracts on their own. Children are required to attend school and receive adequate protection of the government in protection of their rights. The above concept of the law has been ignored by the criminal justice system, since juvenile offenders lack the cognitive and mental capacity to reason and form intent while committing criminal acts like murder and assault (Albanese & Dammer, 2011 p. 265). Young teenagers experience varied emotions and behavior swings due to high vulnerability to pressure and s ocial stress and, therefore, lack the mental ability to resist the risk taking behaviors like drug abuse. Juvenile offenders experience low social status in the society than adults. In 1994 alone, 2.7 million juveniles were arrested by the police for engaging in numerous crimes including violent crimes, status offenses, and non-violent crimes. In the same year, over 12,000 delinquency cases were referred to adult criminal courts by a process known as certification. The waiver of jurisdiction allows the juveniles of the ages of 16 and 17 years to be tried as adults in the adult criminal courts (Smith & Cole, 2008, p. 398). According to a Supreme Court ruling in the case of Stanford V Kentucky (1989), juveniles as young as 16 years can receive death penalties for juvenile criminal acts. About

Discuss the military strategy of the North from 1861 to the end of Essay

Discuss the military strategy of the North from 1861 to the end of 1862. How successful was this strategy - Essay Example Even though this strategy led to numerous casualties, it was instrumental in grounding the Southern forces. The North strategy was good to an extent that it diminished any possibility of foreign intervention, particularly from the Great Britain (Bradford, 2010). Finally, it is important to look at how successful the North strategy was. To a greater extent, historians and military strategists agree that the strategy applied by the North from 1861 to the end of 1862 was successful. Martin (2003) argues that this view is informed by the outcomes of the strategy. It is considered successful because it made the Southerners to lose morale because they were constantly exhausting their efforts by being prepared to fight without actually doing so. This strategy saw the North destroying vital transportation routes of the Southerners, a strategy that was effective in ensuring that they won the war (Bradford,

ITEM 7 (Elaborated response to issued raised) Essay

ITEM 7 (Elaborated response to issued raised) - Essay Example g been vitiating the social atmosphere without ever being identified as a problem that is essentially different both in nature and potential than the interpersonal problem that racism is generally viewed as by intelligentsia across the world. The author has painstakingly described how United Kingdom has long viewed racism to be essentially an interpersonal problem or at the most a problem between two or more groups that perceive the each other as adversaries and the primary reason for some long standing social malaise that happens to adversely affect the agitated group. Since this problem is entrenched between individuals, a possible solution to this problem has always been thought of in terms of influencing interpersonal behaviors through changing perceptions in the minds of ethnic majority about minority stereotypes. (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) However, the leaders of the society and successive governments in Great Britain acknowledged the fact that these misconceptions had become deeply entrenched in the minds of adversarial ethnic groups. Thus, the best way to rid the society of such pernicious prejudices, the governments thought, would be to introduce a school curriculum that would educate school going children in the age group of 5 – 11 about their duties and responsibilities as citizens of a multi-ethnic country. (Ryan, 2003) There have been a series of education policies that attempted to educate, or rather, enlighten the future citizens about their responsibilities and duties both towards the country and towards fellow citizens. (Banks, Multicultural education: Historical development, dimensions, and practice, 2004) The first concerted attempts to educate school going children about duties and responsibilities of a contributing citizen began in early 1990s when ‘cross cultural themes’ were introduced in the school curriculum specifically to make young would be citizens aware of what their responsibilities shall be as they grow up to be adults. These

Chemical Structures and Excipient Profile of Drugs

Chemical Structures and Excipient Profile of Drugs DRUG AND EXCIPIENT PROFILE CAFFEINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 194.1906 Melting point: 238  °C State: solid Water solubility: 2.16E+004 mg/L (at 25  °C) Half Life: 3 7 hours in geriatrics , 65 130 hours in pediatrics Protein Binding: Low protein binding (25 36%) Absorption: absorbed after oral and parenteral administration. The peak plasma level of caffeine ranges from 6 to 10mg/L and the mean time to reach peak concentration ranged from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Pharmacology: Caffeine is a naturally occurring xanthine derivative like theobromine and the bronchodilator theophylline. It is used as a CNS stimulant, mild diuretic, and respiratory stimulant (in neonates). Often combined with analgesics or with ergot alkaloids, caffeine is used to treat migraine and other types of headache. Over the counter, caffeine is used to treat drowsiness or mild water-weight gain. Mechanism of Action: Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. This action was previously believed to be due primarily to increased intracellular cyclic 3†²,5†²-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) following inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP. Xanthines such as caffeine act as antagonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of nor epinephrine or angiotensin, antagonist of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockage of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced pounding of the heart upon caffeine intake. Indication: For management of fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, and for the short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in neonates. Toxicity: LD50= 127 mg/kg (oral dose in mice) ERGOTAMINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 581.6615 Melting point: 213.5  °C State: solid state Water solubility: Slightly soluble Half Life: 2 hours Absorption: The bioavailability of sublingual ergotamine has not been determined. Pharmacology: Ergotamine is a vasoconstrictor and alpha adrenoreceptor antagonist. The pharmacology of ergotamine is extremely complex; some of its actions are unrelated to each other, and even mutually antagonistic. The drug has partial agonist and antagonist activity against tryptaminergic, dopaminergic and alpha adrenergic receptors depending upon the site, and is highly active uterine stimulant. It causes constriction of peripheral and cranial blood vessels and producing depression of central vasomotor centers. The pain of a migraine attack is due to increased amplitude of pulsations in the cranial arteries, especially the meningeal branches of the external carotid artery. Ergotamine reduces extra cranial blood flow, causes a decline in the amplitude of pulsation in the cranial arteries, and decreases hyper perfusion of the territory of the basilar artery. It does not reduce cerebral hemispheric blood flow. Mechanism of Action: Ergotamine acts on migraine by one of the two proposed mechanisms: 1) activation of 5-HT1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including those on arteriole-venous anastomoses, leads to vasoconstriction, which correlates with the relief of migraine, and 2) Activation of 5-HT1D receptors on sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal system which results in inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. Indication: For use as therapy to abort or prevent vascular type of headache, e.g., migraine, migraine variants, or so called histaminic cephalalgia. Toxicity: Signs of overexposure including irritation, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, thirst, coldness of skin, pruritus, weak pulse, numbness, tingling of extremities, and confusion. CYCLIZINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 266.38 Melting point: 105.5  °C State: solid state Water solubility: 1000 mg/L (at 25  °C) Half Life: 20 hours Pharmacology: Cyclizine is a piperazine derivative antihistamine used as antivertigo/antiemetic agent. Cyclizine is used in the prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness. Additionally, it has been used in the management of vertigo in disease affecting the vestibular apparatus. The mechanism by which cyclizine exerts its antiemetic and antivertigo effects is not been fully elucidated, its central anticholinergic properties are partially responsible. The drug depresses labyrinth excitability and vestibular stimulation, and it may affects medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. It also possesses anticholinergic, antihistaminic, central nervous system depressant, and local anesthetic effects. Mechanism of Action: Vomiting (emesis) is essentially a protective mechanism for removing irritant and harmful substances from the upper GI tract. Emesis is controlled by the vomiting centre in the medulla region of the brain, an important part of which is the chemotrigger zone (CTZ). The vomiting centre possesse neurons which are rich in muscarinic cholinergic and histamine containing synapses. These types of neurons are especially involved in transmission from the vestibular apparatus to the vomiting centre. Motion sickness involves overstimulation of the pathways due to various sensory stimuli. Hence the action of cyclizine which acts to block the histamine receptors in the vomiting centre and thus reducing the activity along these pathways. Furthermore since cyclizine possesses anti-cholinergic properties as well, the muscarinic receptors are similarly blocked. Indication: For prevention and treatment of the nausea, vomiting, and dizziness that are associated with motion sickness, and vertigo (dizziness caused by other medical problems). EXCIPIENT PROFILE MANNITOL Synonym: D –mannite, manna sugar, cordycepic acid, pearlitol. Emperical Formula: C6H14O6 Molecular Weight: Approx. 182.17 Description: Mannitol is a white , Odorless, crystalline powder or free flowing granules .It has sweet taste , approximately as sweet as glucose and half as sweet as sucrose, impart the cooling sensation in the mouth. Density, bulk: 0.430 g/cm3 for powder 0.7g/cm3for granules Density, tapped: 0.734gm /cm3for powder, 0.8gm/cm3 for granules. Solubility: Freely soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent). It shows polymorphism. Incompatibility: Mannitol is incompatible with xytilol infusion and may form complexes with some metals such as aluminum, copper and iron. Mannitol was found to reduce bioavailability of cemitidine compared to sucrose. Handling precaution: Mannitol may be irritate to eye, eye protection is recommended. Uses: Diluents (10-90%w/w), mannitol is used as excipient in the manufacture of chewable tablet because of its negative heat of solution, sweetness and mouth feel. MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE Synonym: Cellulose gel, crystalline cellulose, Avicel PH 101, 102 Empirical Formula: (C6H10O5)n Molecular weight: Approx.36000 Description: Purified, partially depolymerised cellulose occurs as a white, tasteless odorless, crystalline, powder that is composed of porous particles available in different particle size grades with different properties , i.e. 101 ,102 Bulk Density: 0.28gm/cm 3 Tapped Density: 0.43gm/cm3 Solubility: Insoluble in water, dilute acids and most organic solvents .Slightly soluble in sodium hydroxide solution. Stability and storage condition: Stable and hygroscopic. Store in a well – closed container. Incompatibility: None cited in the literature. Handling precautions: No restrictions. Uses: Tablet binder / diluents (5-20%), tablet disintegrant (5-15%), tablet glidant (5-15%) antiadherent (5-20%), capsule diluents (10-30%) CROSSCARMELLOSE SODIUM In a cross linked polymer of carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Synonym: Ac-DI-Sol; Molecular formula: C8H16O8 Molecular weight: 240.20784 Description: It occurs as an odorless, white or grayish white powder. Density, bulk: 0.529gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.819gm/cm3 Stability and storage condition: It is stable though hygroscopic material, preserve in well closed container in cool and dry place. Incompatibilities: The efficacy of disintegration may be slightly reduced in tablet formulation prepared by either the wet granulation or direct compression that contains hygroscopic excipients such as Sorbitol. Handling precautions: It may be irritant to eye. Eye protection is recommended. Uses: It is used in oral pharmaceutical formulation as, a disintegrant for capsule, tablets, and granules. SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE Sodium salt of cross linked partly o- carboxymethylated potato starch.. Synonym: Carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium salt, exeplosol, explotab. Description: White or almost white free flowing powder, very hygroscopic. Density, bulk: 0.75gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.95gm/cm3 Solubility: Practically insoluble in Methylene chloride. It gives a translucent suspension in water. Stability and Storage: It is stable and should be stored in a well closed container in cool and dry place. Incompatibilities: It is incompatible with ascorbic acid. Handling precautions: Eye protection, glove and a dust mask are recommended. Uses: It is use in oral pharmaceutical formulation as a disintegrant for capsule, tablet, and granules. TALC It is hydrous magnesium silicate may contain a small amount of aluminium silicateand iron. Nonpropritery Name: Purified Talc (BP), Talc (JP), Talc (USP). Synonym: A talc, hydrous magnesium calcium silicate; powdered talc. Empirical Formula: Mg ­6 (Si2O5) (OH) 4 Description: A very fine, white to grayish-white, impalpable, odorless, crystalline powder. Adheres readily to skin soft to touch and free from grittiness. Density, bulk: 19gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 48gm/cm3 Solubility: Insoluble in water, organic solvents, cold acid. Stability and Storage: Stable, preserve in well closed container. Incompatibilities: It is incompatible with quaternary ammonium compounds. Handling Precaution: Eye protection, gloves, and respirator are recommended. Uses: It is use a s glidant, lubricant (1-10%), Diluents5-30%, Dusting powder 90-99% MAGNESIUM STEARATE Synonym: Metallic stearate; octadecanoic acid; magnesium salt; Stearic acid. Nonproprietary Name: Magnesium Stearate (BP); Magnesium Stearate (JP); Magnesium Stearate (USP). Empirical Formula: C36H70MgO4 Molecular Weight: 591.3 Description: Fine, white, precipitated or milled, impalpable powder of low bulk density. Odour and taste are slight but characteristic. The powder is readily adheres to the skin. Density, bulk: 0.519 gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.286gm/cm3 Melting point: 117-1500C Stability And Storage Condition: Stable, non self polymerisable, store in cool and dry place in a well closed container. Incompatibilities: Incompatable with strong acid substances, alkaline substances, iron salts, avoid mixing with strong oxidizing materials. Use with caution with drugs , which are incompatible with alkali. Uses: tablet and capsule lubricant, glidant or antiadherent (0.25-2.0%).(Brunye et al., 2010) (Mohammadi and Kanfer, 2005) (Shapiro and Cowan, 2006) (Tsutsumi et al., 2002)

Enhancement Drugs influence the career of professional athletes Essay

Will we be able to barricade ‘Doping’ from intoxicating the world of sports? The World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) states that the term doping comes from the Africans word ‘dop,’ a concoction made from grape leaves that Zulu warriors drank before going into battle (as sited in Maxwell, & Melham, 2005, p.1). Today, many athletes worldwide have been found guilty of breaching the Anti Doping Act. Over the years, there has been an increase in the number of drug offenders in sports, as the need to win becomes priority and dope is relayed from athlete to athlete, directly and indirectly. Though not used by all, it is imperative for sports personnel to be educated and be made aware of the health issues such as cardiovascular disease and legal ramifications associated with the use of Performance Enhancement Drugs. The use of performance enhancing drugs improves the athletes’ performance; however, it may endanger the body’s natural mechanism. The body is an organism that is able to carry out its optimal function by how it is treated through the lifestyle, whether sedentary or active, nutritional habits, exercise and hygienic habits of the individual. These are altered by the use of drugs. Many athletes are oblivious to the reality of the grave effects of doping on the body and put themselves at risk for acquiring many potential illnesses, for example, â€Å"cardiovascular and liver disease, infertility in males and females and emotional instability – depression† (Maxwell et al., 2005). These reactions may be evident after prolonged use of drugs as athletes may become dependent. In contrast, enhancement drugs may â€Å"increase the athletes strength, speed, appetite and reduce fatigue† (Arnheim, & Prentice, 2002). These advantages add to the overwhelm... ..., this would lead to chaos, indiscipline, a breakdown in social order and a failure in the ethics of sports. The World Anti doping Agency has joined with the medical team in order to maintain and monitor the standards deemed appropriate by the Anti doping Agencies, to promote healthy sportsmanship for all competitors. Works Cited Arnheim D, & Prentice W, Essentials of Athletic Training (2002) 5th Ed. Chapter 23, pp518-519. New York. Levy L. (2011). Steve Mullings Tested Positive, The Gleaner, pp1. Sec B. Maxwell J, & Mehlman J.D, (2005) Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports: http://www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com Retrieved: March 2, 2012 Sommerville S, lewis M. (2005) Accidental breaches of the doping regulations in sports: Is there a need to improve the education of sports people: Sports Med, British Journal of Sports Medicine; 39:512-516, doi: 10.1136

Thw Winter Holiday Homework

EICHER SCHOOL HOLIDAY HOMEWORK CLASS – VIII ENGLISH Q1Read the newspaper article and answer the questions that follow: Ban is the correct move 10 Feb 2009, Vikram Sinha The move by the central government to finally introduce an amendment to the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, prohibiting the use of cell phones while driving, has materialized. It also ensures that there are no loopholes left in the law by including hands-free sets in the ban . Doubtless, there will be those who claim that such devices are safe since they free both hands for driving. It is a false claim. There is an assumption that it is the physical hindrance caused by conversing on the phone while driving that is the main safety hazard. Rather, the issue is the mental distraction of the driver. The US is pushing all its states to implement a similar ban. For evidence, it cites several studies, such as one by the university of Utah, which prove that using hands-free devices is as dangerous as speaking on cell phone without them. Another study cited by the report establishes why this so. It states that conversing with a fellow passenger is not dangerous and many instead lead to greater safety. The reason for this is simple enough . a co-passenger is likely to keep an eye on the road, adjust or stop danger. A person at the other end of a phone connection cannot do this. The conservation will remain unchanged, demanding the driver’s attention and lessening his focus on the road at the moment when he might need it the most. The introduction of such a specific law in India is long overdue. And now that one is finally being introduced, the Ministry of Road Transport and highways is taking the correct step by being thorough. [ source: TOI 10 Feb,2009] 2. 1 ‘It is a false claim’ ( para 1). What is the false claim? The claim that A. the amendment is finally being introduced B. co-drivers can help a driver avoid accidents C. all cell phones can create distractions for drivers D. hand- free phones can be safely used when driving 2. 2. What is the usual assumption of people? A. Conversing on a cellphone causes maximum accidents. B. Using a phone while driving does not cause any difficulty C. Mental distractions are more harmful than physical distractions. D. These bans should only be implemented in US. and 2. 3 According to the passage, in what way is the driver talking to a co-passenger less risky as compared to talking on phone? A. Talking to a co-passenger increases the concentration of the driver. B. Talking to a co-passenger keeps a driver awake in long drives. C. Co- passengers will stop the conversation and warn the driver of danger. D. Co-passengers can answer the phone calls 2. 4 ‘The US is pushing all its states to implement a similar ban’ Here ‘similar ban’ refers to A. Use of cell phones while driving B. Talking to co- passengers while driving C. Use of both cell-phones and hands- free devices while driving D. None of the above 2. 5. Choose the word from the passage that means the same as â€Å" strictly not allowed† A. rohibited B. implemented C. hindrance D. loopholes Q2 Prepare a book review on the class library / school library book you have read based on the following points: 1) Name of the book 2) About the author 3) Judgement 4) Summary G. SC Bio Q1. State the importance of water. Q2. Why is the frequency of irrigation higher in summer? Q3. What is irrigati on? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water. Q4. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following a) Preparation of soil. b) Sowing Q5. Why weeds should be removed before they produce flowers and seeds? Q6. Why is weeding necessary? Chem Q1. State the different ways to stop fire. Q2. Why a gas burner does has holes surrounding it (on outside)? Q3. Cooking utensils acquire the coating of a black powdery substance if kept on yellow flame of the burner. Why? Q4. Draw a well labeled diagram to show the different regions of flame. Phy Q1. What is the purpose of L. H. C? (Large Hadron Collider) Q2. How are charges developed here? Q3. Write two areas where problems are coming LHC? Q4. What discovery it will make once it becomes successful? Q5. Write a short note on LHC. [READ CHAPTER NATURAL PHENOMENA TO UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT] S. ST ? Collect information on Durban ,South Africa Earth Summit held this year. ? The information has to be pasted in the class note books. ? Students will be graded on the work submitted. S. kt Do pg . 77 to 81 in Assignment. Hindi (Do page num 117 and 135 from assignment) MATHS 1. Express the following as the product of two factors:- i) 18Ãâ€"2 + 24x + 8 ii) 25t2 + 10t + 1 iii) 9u2 – 6u + 1 2. Evaluate (48Ãâ€"2 + 30x + 3) ? 16x + 3) 3. Divide :- i) a6 + 2a3b3 – 3b6 by a3 – b3 ii) 4Ãâ€"4 + 1 by 2Ãâ€"2 + 2x + 1 4. Check whether x -2 is a factor of x3 – 8 5. A certain sum of simple interest becomes double in 20 years. In how many years will it become four times? 6. If the C. P of 8 articles is equal to S. P of 6 articles, find the gain %. 7. What sum of money will amount to 45582. 25 at 6[pic] p. a in 2 years, interest being compounded annually? 8. A cubical container is 15 cm long. The volume of container is 5. 4 cm3. Find the area of its end. 9. Due to rainfall, a square terrace of length 9m is filled with water up to a height of 6 cm. How many litres of water has accumulated on the terrace? 10. Find the value of x, if i) 2x = (6)2 – (4)2 ii) 6x = (23)2 – (17)2 11. If the area of rectangular field is 21 x2 – 7x and one of its sides is 7 x,what is its other side ? 12. Find the greatest no. of seven digits which is perfect square. What is the square root of this number? 13. A decimal fraction is multiplied by itself. If the product is 251953. 8025, find the fraction. 14. Find the volume of a cube whose total surface is 486 cm2 ? 15. Multiply – 3x2y by (7x3y – 5xy2). Verify the product by taking x = -2, y = -1.

The Son of Sam and Terror of New York essays

The Son of Sam and Terror of New York essays The Son of Sam and Terror of New York "At one a.m. on July twenty-ninth a man was cruising in the Bronx when he spotted two young women sitting in a parked blue Oldsmobile. He swung around a corner and abandoned his car, pushing the bag-covered pistol into the waistband of his trousers. With his characteristics gait he shuffled back toward the women, Donna Lauria, eighteen, a medical technician, and Jody Valenti, nineteen, a student nurse. They were parked in front on Lauria's home; her parents had just returned from a restaurant and had spoken to their daughter before going into the house. Donna had promised to follow in a minute. At 1:10 a.m., the man walked up to the passenger side of the Oldsmobile Cutlass, pulled his revolver from the paper bag, and assumed a semi-crouch. He pulled the trigger five times. (True Crime 1992, 164) As the car window shattered, Donna Lauria raised her hands to protect herself. One of the .44 caliber bullets struck her in the right side of the neck, killing her quickly. Another bullet hit Jody Valenti in the thigh. She screamed and fell forward, landing on the car horn. The man dashed back to his car and drove away"(True Crime 1992, 164) This was the start of a terrifying year for New York. A demon was among the city. This demon possessed the mind of a twenty-three-year-old pudgy Jewish man. The demon was a six thousand-year-old spirit, which communicated to him through his neighbor, Sam Carr's Labrador retriever. (Reicher 1996) Born Richard David Falco but better known now as the Son of Sam or the .44 Caliber killer had no real sense of identity from birth. The result of an affair between his mother and her married lover he was unwanted even before birth. As soon as he was born adoption papers had been filed. Unlike many children stuck in the system for years, the baby was adopted. Pearl and Nat Berkowitz, a Jewish couple, adopted him and changed his name to David Berkowitz...

Calculate MD5 Hashing for a File or String Using Delphi

Calculate MD5 Hashing for a File or String Using Delphi The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm is a cryptographic hash function. MD5 is commonly used to check the integrity of files, like to make sure that a file has been unaltered. One example of this is when downloading a program online. If the software distributor gives out the MD5 hash of the file, you can produce the hash using Delphi and then compare the two values to make sure theyre the same. If theyre different, it means the file you downloaded is not the one you requested from the website, and therefore may be malicious. An MD5 hash value is 128-bits long but is typically read in its 32 digit hexadecimal  value. Finding the MD5 Hash Using Delphi Using Delphi, you can easily create a function to calculate the MD5 hash for any given file. All you need is included in the two units IdHashMessageDigest and idHash,  both of which are a part of  Indy. Heres the source code: uses IdHashMessageDigest, idHash; //returns MD5 has for a file function MD5(const fileName : string) : string; var   Ã‚  idmd5 : TIdHashMessageDigest5;   Ã‚  fs : TFileStream;   Ã‚  hash : T4x4LongWordRecord; begin   Ã‚  idmd5 : TIdHashMessageDigest5.Create;   Ã‚  fs : TFileStream.Create(fileName, fmOpenRead OR fmShareDenyWrite) ;   Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  result : idmd5.AsHex(idmd5.HashValue(fs)) ;   Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  fs.Free;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  idmd5.Free;   Ã‚  end; end; Other Ways to Generate the MD5 Checksum Apart from using Delphi are other ways you can find the MD5 checksum of a file. One method is to use Microsoft File Checksum Integrity Verifier. Its a free program that can be used only on the Windows OS. MD5 Hash Generator is a website that does something similar, but instead of producing the MD5 checksum of a file, it does so from any string of letters, symbols, or numbers that you put in the input box.

WE 4 Response crj 520 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WE 4 Response crj 520 - Essay Example That has never really worked as they might have wished (Miles, 2014). That is why today our American prisons are overcrowded and unstaffed. The prison system cannot be expected to improve until the minds of people are changed. Prison is not supposed to be a vacation spot, a recreational facility, or the next best thing to the local gym. It is supposed to be a place where people who have broken the law are sent to serve the time allotted as their punishment. As Scott discusses Probation and Parole Officers are the transition person between the time they have spent incarcerated and their reintroduction back into society. They make educated decisions about which parolees are in need of greater counseling, mental health, medical, or drug treatment and have a greater chance of committing another crime, as opposed to those who will likely never reoffend. However, the problem with prison’s today is the fact that you have hardcore, hardened, and dangerous criminals directly interacting with petty criminals, like shoplifters. When that shoplifter gets out he faces hard times instead of resorting to his petty crime skills, he may escalate his crime based on what he learned from other inmates in prison (Samen ow, 2010). This can have a dramatic effect and creates unpredictability in the equation. Miles, K. (2014, March 10). Just how much the war on drugs impacts our overcrowded prisons, in one chart. The Huffington Post, 1. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/10/war-on-drugs-prisons-infographic_n_4914884.html Samenow. (2011, April 9). Do prisons really make offenders worse?. Psychology Today, 1. Retrieved from

The economics of labor market Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The economics of labor market - Assignment Example By consuming leisure you are forgoing the wage you could have earned by working that hour.as the wage increases leisure get more expensive and you consume less leisure. That is as the wage increase you work more hours Income effect- leisure is a normal good as you get wealthier you’ll want to consume more leisure. As the wage you receive increase you become wealthier and thus will want to consume more leisure. Thus as the real wage increase you work fewer hours 5) hire another worker as long as the worker adds at least $1 to profits or hire another worker as long as the cost of that worker (his wage) is less than or equal to the value of that worker’s extra output. 6) Technological advances decrease demand for labor Anything that changes either the amount of output workers can produce or the price of that output will shift the labor demand curve. Fishers, for example, would be more productive if they were provided with better training, more equipment, or improved technology, so all of these things would tend to increase the demand for