See directions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

See directions - Essay ExampleThis meant that he did not have to be transferred from one buckle down to another work in out of season without payment. Being free, Douglass could do ein truth kind of work of his choice without being forced and eat well even if it was not frequently food. As illustrated in the narrative, Douglass hired out his time to worker as a calker but all in all that he earned went to his Master Hugh. If solitary(prenominal) could enjoy what he toiled for, then he could say he had freedom.According to Douglass (p.68), the desire to be free then started to overwhelm him while in slavery and that prompted him to buzz off a way to achieve his own freedom. This was a matter of death and life but Frederick Douglass watch to give it a try than to acknowledge his life as a slave and live with it. The only way that Douglass could be free and get to enjoy freedom for the rest of his life was to escape from the slaveholders. subsequently planning it all, and making up his mind, Frederick Douglass finally achieved his freedom from slavery by escaping out of the slavery and went try a better life in a free world.It is fact that at the time, the cases of slavery and slave trade was something common. That is why a narrative like this of Frederick Douglass was very popular. Many black men and women were exchange and enslaved by the white people. There they could work for their work white masters for the rest of lives (Douglass p.113). However, others like Douglass who are lucky to escape get a chance to start their lives a fresh out of slavery. This is clear seen from the fact that Mr. Ruggles was there to help those who escaped from slavery. This means that there were many black people who worked as slaves. In Bedford there were people who had escaped from slavery and went to start new lives in freedom. Thus the base of Frederick Douglass was not a unique case at that time.The techniques used and the flow of the narrative by Douglass was very descriptive and flowing. Therefore, one can say

Financial Crisis in Asia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial Crisis in Asia - Term Paper Example southwestward Korea had a very pie-eyed economy but a high level of debt which existed in the economy was given very midget attention. The borrowed funds by the South Korean economy were invested very wisely in assets so it do perfect sense and reassured the economic stability, but when the funds were invested in assets it also gave rise to unlike risks pertaining to the same. The short debts touched alarmingly high levels in the South Korean economy, In 1992 short end point debt constituted about one-third of its occur borrowing, but by 1996 short term debt had risen to two-thirds of its total of $158 billion of foreign debt. South Korean firms were operating at a high degree of leverage. The typic leverage ratio for South Korean firms was in the neighborhood of six to one and some South Korean firms had leverage ratios of 600 to one. The crisis in South Korea was triggered by the collapse of Thai Baht ( coin of Thailand) in 1997. The currency had devalued due to stemming of reserve outflows by the central bank in order to ensure result for money supply in the crisis period. The strategies adopted by the South Korean economies always left them accustomed to many dangers, a classic example of the same follows The Korean First Bank got itself in a vulnerable position because of the hefty amount of loan issued to Hanbo group, with in no time the Hanbo group went better and its inability to pay the loan back to the Korean first bank resulted in the bankruptcy of Korean Bank.

Personal financial planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal financial planning - Essay object lessonHowever where this healthcare system differs is that the insurance would non be run for profit and healthcare is provided to only people. Beveridge This system of healthcare owes its namesake to William Beveridge who helped spearhead reforms in Great Britains National Health Service. Ultimately sustenance was to be drawn from taxpayers so the healthcare system becomes a government run institution (Like the turn on departments, police forces, schools etc.) Many doctors and hospitals would be run and paid for by the government, and there would be private doctors & specialists who would view payments from the government. Some hospitals (Such as veterans hospitals) may be run like this in the U.S. but overall this does not closely resemble the overall American system. Medicare This loosely resembles the Canadian model which is sort of a crossbreed of both the Bismarck and Beveridge systems. There exists both a private sector provide r (Bismarck) but musical accompaniment also comes from the government which draws its funding from the tax base (Beveridge). So in essence there is no real incentive to deny claims insofar as there is no incentive to generate a profit.

Chinese and Japanese Response to Western Imperialism Essay

Chinese and japanese chemical reaction to Western Imperialism - Essay ExampleChinese efforts to strengthen it politically, militarily and economically also failed. China would locomote dominated by unequal treaties of foreign functions. Japan would become a major world power able to compete against the European countries. Japan in the seventeenth and eighteenth century was undergoing a breaker point of isolation in which European missionaries and traders were highly restricted in their movements. Under American pressure in 1853, Japan would open its ports and sign unequal treaties with European powers. Japan began a series of reforms known as the Meiji Restoration in which the feudal system was abolished, economic reforms were launched, military was modernized and Western political concepts were apply to the country. The Meiji restoration would transform Japan into a major industrialized and economic power which was capable of competing with the West. Japan would use its modern military to inflict crushing defeats on Russia and China. During World War II, Japan would get into upon a policy of conquering several South East Asian countries before being overcome by the United States. Under the American occupation, Japan would again rebuild itself into a pacifist nevertheless economically powerful country. China in the nineteenth century suffered from strife, corruption, stagnation and various internal problems. The Chinese also had to deal with foreigners who were now taking control of many territories in Asia. The Chinese monarchy was arrogant in its dealings with Europeans. Trade between Europe and China brought a series of conflicts in which China was spite and defeated. As trade increased between European traders and Chinese, this led to increased hostility between European governments and China.

Should abortion right be restricted Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Should abortion right be restricted - Essay ExampleNobody can deny abortions in some cases while in another(prenominal) cases it is totally unnecessary to go for it. This topic involves concerns of biology, mortality and legal rights. Critiques of abortion argues that human spirit begins with conception and the abortion is nothing but a of killing a human being. So they think abortion as an immoral and illegal issue. They keep a liberal attitude towards abortion in the case of rape, incest or when the fathers health at risk. Proponents of abortion believe that a fair sexs right to make decisions concerning her body and her future outweigh the rights of the fetus. One of the most contr all oversial restrictions on abortion requires minors to notify or obtain the consent of at least one arouse before having an abortion.All the living things in the area are one way or other give birth to their offspring. God has effrontery the responsibility to all the living things, to live and sustain their species. So pregnancy is a natural process. A womens life will be meaningful only when she conceives and give birth to a child. Her biological and psychological aspects demand the motherhood. It has been proved from some studies that breast nutriment makes a mother happier and also that will reduce the risk of breast cancer.Religious organizations are the of import critiques of abortion. As per their theory human being doesnt have the right to kill the fetus. Children are the blessings given by the God. Conception is a blessing given by the God, we should not destroy it. God has certain(prenominal) plan towards all things and we should not question it. A persons right to enjoy the facilities of the world should not be negated by deliberate human activities. We are living in this world since our mother did not go for the abortion and the same right should be given to the fetus.The ethical debate over abortion usually surrounds the issues of whether a fetus has righ ts, in particular a right to

You are an Investment Analyst Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

You are an Investment Analyst - Essay ExampleThe company works from the guest backwards and believe that failure to listen to the customers is an automatic failure. The company believes that it lives in a time of unsurmountable opportunity and the unheralded revolution where they must make even minute to count. They believe that ownership is necessary, curiously when building a company where the owners are compelled to think long term as well as plead passionately for their ideas and projects while formulating respectfully challenged decisions. Their hiring bar considers the need for the ability of the person in whirl the services. In moderation, the company usually spends many finances on things that matter as they believe that frugality breeds self-sufficiency, invention and resourcefulness (Jones, 2011).Currently, virago employs more than 14,000 employees in the world. Their engineering division is involved with the tackling of complex challenges inside the large scale compu ting to contribute to the e-commerce platform used by Amazon customers, sellers and merchants and external developers. The IT department is involved with massive responsibility of overseeing the system to ensure that it is reliable.The business in Amazon is much simpler than prescript book retailer stores. The business does not require costly requirements such as point of deal terminals, small inventories and better client support. This makes it advantageous as the company offers an opportunity for people to search for materials and databases wherever they are. Some of the services offered include books, DVDs, software, videos, lawn products, video games and kitchen pan. All items are available and can be uploaded to the obtain cart after which an online form is filled to indicate the type of payment required and shipment characteristics (Jones, 2011).The Amazon Company started by offering books after which it resulted to DVD/Video and music in 1998. By 1999, the

Hazardous materials Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hazardous materials - Research composing ExampleHazardous material may take the form of gases, liquids or solids. Hazardous materials are cognize to be corrosive, toxic, reactive and inflammable. This paper will focus health manage raving mad health care material. It will focus on the source, impact and prevention of hazardous material.Hazardous health care shove off is produced as a result of diagnosis, treatment, research and immunization of human beings. They are classified as worldwide and hazardous material generated in the health care facilities and institutions (Upton, 2003). It is produced during administrative procedures in the health care facilities. The hazardous materials include pathological, infectious material, sharps, genotoxic material, pharmaceutical waste, chemical waste and radioactive materials. The source of the material determines the composition of the waste. These wastes are also generated from the mortuary, drug manufacturers, laboratory and research centres as well as health care facilities and institutions. septic material contains pathogens, for example, bacteria, virus and fungi in sufficient concentration to cause a disease or harm in a susceptible host. Pathological materials consist of tissues, organs, carcass parts, blood and other body fluids which are considered to be infectious. Genotoxic wastes include cytostatic drugs, urine, feces and vomit from a patient who has been treated using radioactive, cytostatic drugs and chemicals (Upton, 2003). pharmaceutical materials include expired, spilt or contaminated drugs and vaccines. Radioactive material includes liquids and gases containing radioactive material as well as the excretion products of a patient treated with radioactive substances.Health care hazardous waste moving-picture show can lead to disease or injury. The hazardous attributes of the health waste may be imputable to several characteristics. These include genotoxic characteristics, radioactivity, containin g infectious agents, containing

Case Study 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 - Case Study exerciseFurthermore, his elevated line of work pressure exposes him to hastened brain aging, due to developing brain injury. Continued smoking depart noticeably increase his jeopardy of experiencing heart disease, since the nicotine raises his blood pressure considerably, pull down as his arteries narrow. Moreover, his fasting glucose of 172 undersurface lead to pathogenesis of his hypertension, through enhancement of kidney disease, or otherwise vascular stiffness. The deterioration of his Lipid is due to his dietary habits, possibly use of diverse dietary fats, greater use of refined sugar, coupled with lack of tangible activity.Therefore, the main objective of treatment for Patient X is to lower his blood pressure to around cxl/90 and even lower, given that he has diabetes. Treating hypertension is vital for reducing Patient X risk of undergoing stroke, heart attack, or even heart failure.Accordingly, a plan of weight loss in corporation with moderate, but self directed physical activity, offers a good groundwork by convincing him that such(prenominal) measures are beneficial. Weight loss will enable him to increase his HDL cholesterol, and as a yield decrease harmful form of LDL cholesterol plus triglycerides. It is therefore important to encourage him that, even a modest level of weight-loss of around 5-10 percent of his entire weight, may positively reduce his blood pressure and increase his body sensitivity to insulin, in addition to reducing his central obesity ( depicted object Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 7).An individualized eating plan will be helpful, since it is tailored to his personal likes plus dislikes. aerobiotic exercise will help him to maintain and put in lean body mass, muscle tissue, and concurrently losing fat. For instance, a walking program is easier, like walking 40 minutes daily for a hardly a(prenominal) days within a week, as this will lower his blood pressure,

Health disparities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Health disparities - Research Paper ExampleANs had a shorter life foreboding than the general world and constantly suffered from increased prevalence of disease such as rheumatic febricity and tuberculosis (US Public Health Service 17). This paper will examine health disparities among AI/ANs, discussing the item to which current health care system are meeting the health needs of this underserved population.Following advances in public health and medical care systems over the last half century, the AI/AN population has in like manner transitioned with the rest of the population from a period of pandemics primarily of infectious diseases to one of degenerative, as well as lifestyle diseases. This progression has enhanced the recognition of health disparities encountered by the AI/AN communities from conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, drug abuse and cancer, which are essentially noninfectious. While epidemiological information regarding the AI/AN population is m ore often than not incomplete or prone to inaccuracies chiefly due to racial misclassification in official records, a ample majority of the comparisons with non-Native populations are extremely dramatic. For example, among AI/AN adults who utilized Indian Health Service (IHS) facilities in 2002, the age-adjusted relative incidence of diabetes was approximately 15.3%. This is significantly greater than the 7.3% incidence among all American adults (Kunitz 163). The rate of heart disease has traditionally been lower among Native Americans than among the white population. However, this trend is rapidly reversing since heart disease is currently the leading grounds of death among the AI/AN population. In addition, deaths from violence and unintentional injuries are a substantive problem among native Australian communities. Between 1996 and 1998, the age-adjusted death prevalence among AI/ANs across the US was nearly twice that of the population of other races in the US. The death rat e for unintentional injuries, on the other hand, was at least thrice that of the rest of the US

Administrative law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

administrative law - Essay ExampleLaw judgeship falls under as a set of laws for the people (Nyberg, 2013).The set of laws that fall under the agencies in administration having certain powers to be executed stooge be regarded in Administrative Laws of United States of the States (USA). The Administrative Law is also called regulatory law.These administrative bodies serve the function to use their finite powers to pack peace and demolish injustice in complicated situations on public level. The role of Law Administrative Agencies is not only unique but precise in terms of its application. The Administrative authority is devoted by the Congress (HG, 2014).The agencies of the law administration publish their hearings of regulations that can be accessed by the common homo which is commonly available on print and electronic media. The Law Administration is considered to be the basic set to shape up and enforce regulations in any society.It has certain hearings and briefings consistin g of rules, orders, regulations, laws, that are held together in fit compilation which are later published which can be easily accessed from print media and electronic media (DL, 2014).This deals in amending the already existing rules and regulations that are found in favor of mankind. The masses are to be provided rights that can be enjoyed from grass root level. An existing law that had been terminated its implementation formerly can be introduced once again which falls under Rule Making.This deals in formulating new set of laws and regulations that are to be presented and shaped in such a way that are in favour of people. Agencies aim to operate the common man to enjoy huge amount of benefits and work day in and day divulge to make it a reality for the people present in society.Administrative Laws that are governed by the states dumbfound their own set of rules and regulations to be implemented. An example can be considered where State governments would be appealing the

Outline the Soviet Union's response to the rise of fascism in the Essay

Outline the Soviet Unions response to the rise of fascism in the 1930s and explain the signing of the MolotovRibbentrop agreement - Essay ExampleAs a member of the League, Moscow participated in the imposition of sanctions on Italy afterwards Mussolinis invasion of Abyssinia in October 1935 (Parker, 1974, pp. 293-332), and called for action against Hitlers invasion of the Rhineland in March 1936.In contrast, following Hitlers election in 1933, Germany withdrew from the League of Nations and began to rearm. Through show up the 1930s, Berlin embarked on an aggressive foreign policy which included marching into the Rhineland, intervening almost immediately in the Spanish Civil War, declaring the Anschluss in March 1938, and threatening invasion of the Czech Sudetenland by September. During this period, the British public also learnt of the persecution of the Jews and other minorities within Germany. What was known about Stalins purges was equally abhorrent. Yet, much had occurred to aim to any objective observer of the international situation that Nazi Germany was in fact Britains greatest threat. in spite of this, members of the Conservative Party in particular continued to believe Nazis on the whole are more ultraconservative than communistics and socialists.On Aug. 23, 1939 Adolf Hitler and Josef Stalin agreed to what became known as the Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact. With that, Stalin made World War II possible. Assured that he was protected from Soviet counter-aggression in the East, Hitler invaded Poland a week later, Sept. 1. (Beichman, 1999, 19)The signal that something was up between the two totalistic powers had come some four months earlier but European chancelleries overlooked it. For on May 3, 1939 came the blow out of the water news that the Soviet Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov had resigned at his own request. Litvinov, of Jewish origin and powerfully anti-Nazi, had been replaced by Vyacheslav Molotov. His ethnic origins would not embarras s Hitler in dealing with communists. Until the official announcement of the Nazi-Soviet pact, few believed such an agreement possible, especially the Communist Party leaders in the United States and the rest of the arena - because the Soviet Union had posed as the dedicated leader in the fight against fascism. When Berlin and Moscow announced on Aug. 20, 1939 the signing of a trade pact and newspaper dispatches began hinting about a further strategic alliance, communist spokesmen denounced such speculation as fascist in inspiration. They had every reason to disbelieve such a story because, after all, the Comintern line the world over was to seek a united front with the egalitarian West against fascism in the name of collective security. Ignored was the editorial in Pravda Aug. 21 that the trade treaty could be a serious step toward a further improvement of relations, not only economic but also political, between the USSR and Germany. But newspaper speculation about the Nazi-Sov iet alliance turned out to be correct. From Soviet archives we have now learned that on Aug. 19, 1939, Stalin told the Soviet Politburo that if a world war should follow a Nazi-Soviet pact it would only serve to streng accordingly Communist Parties in France and Britain. Stalin then accepted Hitlers suggestion that a German delegation

The Differences Between Romanticism and Neoclassicism Essay

The Differences Between romanticism and Neoclassicism - Essay showcaseThis essay stresses that Neoclassicism in the arts, as the name indicates, is inclined on reverting to Hellenistic art styles characterized by symmetry calmness and stillness importance of social and political concerns discipline and control conformity and rationality. This art movement was the result of the renewed interest and the sense of giving importance to classical art. These characteristics and the definition of Romanticism and Neoclassicism classify the major differences between the both art movements. These differences substantiate that these art movements are conflicting during the fleck these two art styles emerged in the art scene. Neoclassicism imposes restraint and conformity opus Romanticism breaks free from the constraints of impost and promoted freedom in conveying personal views and emotions. Moreover, Neoclassicism was rearing towards the indian lodge and its concerns such as politics w hile Romanticism favors idiosyncrasy. According to the discussion the differences of Romanticism and Neoclassicism is evident in the works of Romantic painter Eugene Delacroix and neoclassical painter Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres particularly their portrait of violinist Niccolo Paganini. Ingres depiction of Paganini shows the violinist in a genuinely formal and stiff pose, which is very much opposite to Delacroixs portrayal of the violinist showing Paganini while playing the violin. The striking contrasts between Ingres Paganini and Delacroixs version clearly differentiates the two art styles and best represents the artworks of the two art movements. These opposing two art movements resulted from the events during that period and compelled by some prominent figures in the society and discoveries in well-known places at that time. Influences manifest in the works of artists belonging to Romanticism and Neoclassicism.

Investigating the Relationship between Academic Persistence and Age, Dissertation

Investigating the alliance in the midst of Academic Persistence and Age, Gender, Ethnicity and Transfer Credits - Dissertation ExampleAccording to a encompass published in the associated press in the year 2011, a total of 54% of the students who enter 4 year colleges within the US do successfully complete their studies (2011). In addition, the reports from the National Centre for Statistics lay out that the number of adult learners who were entering shoes secondary education in the country is on the augment. The reports channelise that the number of adult students who were joining the system had risen from 27.3 to 30.6 million adults between the years 2000 to 2010 which represented an increase of 8% (2011). Consequently, Ziegler & Durant explain that for adult learners to achieve success, they require to first and foremost recognize their reason for get instructions and their involvement in the designing along with the assessment of their instructions (2007). However, Tinto reports that in the traditional courses offered in various universities approximately 40% of the adult learners who enroll for higher education in the universities eventually failed in the achievement of their desired academic goals (2008). In the year 2008, Jones suggested that adult learners can be affected by various barriers which could range from the situational, dispositional along with institutional barriers. According to him, the situational barriers come about repayable to the learners situation which may include issues like inadequate time, their work responsibilities along with childcare. On the other hand, the indite describes the institutional barriers as the issues that affect the students within an institution. This includes issues like the number of hours they are required to be operating, the insufficiency of resourceful information. Finally, the author describes the dispositional barriers as internal barriers that result from the feelings of alienation that a pe rson may be suffering from (2008). In light of these barriers, Ziegler & Durant come out to suggest that adult education mostly encounters situational barriers due to the inadequacy of time (2007). Jones additionally suggests that these barriers have in turn made the universities and colleges to introduce programs which have non previously been a part of their past curriculums. The programs are flexible and enable adult located in far away distances to acquire education (2008). This research study will aim at ascertaining the kin that exists between the students age, gender, transfer credits along with their ethnicities and their persistence in achieving their set academic goals. Problem Statement The research problem will mainly aim at establishing the relationship that exists between age, gender, transfer credits and ethnicity and the academic persistence among adult learners. Previous researches like Cook and King, did study the brisk relationship between the characteristics o f adult learners along with their involvement in the pursuit of higher education (2009). However, the investigators studies only dealt with the high school students who had cleared school and were in the first years of post secondary education. The studies did not also indicate the existing patterns

The Apollo Group, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Apollo Group, Inc - Case Study ExampleUnlike other universities, UOP is a for-profit institution. Synopsis of the Situation The University of Phoenix catered to the working adults who wanted to continue their education. It was one of the first institutions to target this maturement market place. They are considered the giant in the industry and as such have earned $2.5 billion in revenues in 2006. While many colleges employed full-time capability members, UOP hired working professionals as teachers. The supremacy of the Apollo Group emanates from the fact that they were able to tap an unserved niche in the market, that is, the working adults. Key Issues The key issues of the reason are the growing demand for online education not only in the US but in like manner in the ontogenesis countries, the need to open up new local campuses and the need to improve the alert technology that UOP utilizes. Define the Problem The problem presented in the case is how to change the compos ition of UOP from a fleece mill establishment to one which is offers accredited degree programs and an institution that will introduce new undergrad and graduate degree programs that will meet the needs of both the adult working population and the tralatitious collegiate market. Alternative Solutions There are several(prenominal) dissolvers that may be adapted by UOP namely Use the media to give information about programs that they offer, the competence of their faculty members and the academic system that they use highlight the low cost of tuition as compared to other colleges Create tie-ups with large corporations to encourage their employees to enroll at UOP discounts may be given to corporations which enrolls a certain number of their workers at UOP Advertise through the meshing to capture foreign markets and increase its student population Put emphasis on the concept of oblation quality education at schedules that are accessible even to working adults Need to invest more than on latest technology available for educational institutions especially with regards to online education Selected Solution to the Problem The selected solution to the problem is a combination of all the alternative solutions presented above. UOP cannot just rely on a individual solution to its problems. It should improve its course and program offerings and hire more competent faculty members. It is also necessary that UOP keep abreast with the latest technological advancements in the industry. After improving on the said aspects, it must(prenominal) allocate the necessary funds to come up with an advertising strategy that will improve its reputation by highlighting its unique selling point and emphasizing the quality of its education. Implementation The solutions suggested would take several months to implement. The first step to do is to research on the latest technology available for online education. This is of utmost impressiveness because several schools are already o ffering online programs and if UOP does not adapt the latest technology, they might not be able to retain its market leadership. The next step is to beef up its marketing to other developing countries. This should be done because in case they lose their leadership in the US market, the foreign market can augment any decline in enrollment in the local market. Expanding overseas is the dash to go for online education. Hand in hand with marketing to the foreign market, UOP must recruit new faculty members to maintain the ratio of students to

Answer exam question1a 1b Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer exam question1a 1b - Essay ExampleNonetheless, this section of account will focus on discussing the internal and external causes of conflicts in organizations operating in an planetary context. familiar Conflict Internal sources of conflicts involve interpersonal conflicts among people within the organization for instance, this cigarette be surrounded by employees or employees and their employer. Therefore, this form of conflict occurs within the organization, and this is manifested in a business office when peoples set or morals are compromised. On the other hand, these conflicts results to a significant deal of stress among employees involved in fact, they are expected to solve these problems depending on the situation (Rees & Porter, 2008, 64). Apparently, internal conflicts a significant doctor on employees level of performance. In this case, in this case in that respect is a need to deal with the situation of internal conflicts through talks in order to resolve the conflict or avoid an escalation of the situation. impertinent Conflict External causes of conflict involve people within the organization, and outsiders in fact, these forms of conflicts are subject to interventions by outsiders, who are observers such as customers and suppliers. On the other hand, external conflicts result from management styles, whereby the owner may fail to set well with employees in an organization. Furthermore, there are cases that involve government intervention in the business, which may result to conflicts between the government and employees. 2. b) Critically assess with reference to course concepts, possible strategies that an international manager may use to successfully manage conflict that is having a negative effect on operations. Introduction There are cases where conflicts in the workplace strike positive or negative advert for instance, the positive impact involves facilitating identification of issues that are points of weaknesses in the or ganization. Another positive impact involves improvement of negotiation and mediation skills in the working places (Edwards & Rees, 2006, 45). Nevertheless, there are cases when these conflicts become constant and overwhelming to employees, and this can have a negative impact on their productivity. In this case, this section of the paper will focus on presenting a critical assessment based on course concepts in order to identify pertinent strategies can be applied by international managers in managing conflicts with negative impact on the organization. mediation In situations of conflicts, there is a need for effective business practices such as mediation. In this case, there is a need for mediators who are personally involved in conflicts, whereby they are expected to offer frank opinions. Therefore, managers take the role of becoming mediators, whereby they engage in discussions regarding conflicts (Dowling, Festing & Engle, 2008, 30). In fact, these discussions are based on ru les for instance, managers can stipulate that employees should avoid behaviours such as yelling and portraying emotions since this can lead to escalation of these conflicts. In legion(predicate) cases, the mediators in organizations are human resource manager thus, these managers are expected

Upholding rights of Deaf and Mute Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Upholding objurgates of Deaf and tame - Essay ExampleUp to the early 70s, desensitise and dull children had to suffer from the lack of government efforts to declare oneself to the desensitise and mute community adequate opportunity to get the same level of education that the earshot is receiving.That meant more than one million children could non attend unwavering school and were forced to attend finical schools that were not sanctioned by the government. That meant school fees went way above what they can afford, curriculum did not partake what is required by government, and there was no way on how policies may be questioned. Since many of these families werent earning enough to send children to a special private school, they were left with no choice but to supporting their children at home with no education. By mid the 70s, the congress finally became aware of this unfulfilled need. A series of laws were passed that were to provide the desensitize and mute equal opportu nity as the sense of hearing. Different laws were enacted that covered the right that the desensitise and mute should have been enjoying in the first place. The following policies were set in place (Lane, 1996) part 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and public Law 94-142 (the 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act) require that every deaf and mute child be given the same opportunity as the hearing to attend regular public schools with all their needs being metThe Public Law 94-142 was amended in 1986 by Public Law 99-457 to provide greater detail on ensuring that deaf and mute children enjoy the same privileges and opportunities as the hearing Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was put in place in 1990 to encompass all the laws and policies that advert to upholding of the rights of the deaf and mute Despite these efforts, there remain a lot of disparities between what the law is lustrous and what is actually being provided by public schools. In 19 92, the Department of Education started a nationwide check over on how public schools are meeting the requirement of the law when it comes to the deaf and mute and hard of hearing. split up of the objective of the review was too to identify the root of the problem on why many deaf and mute and hard of hearing still end up uneducated despite the laws assurance that they are to be accommodated by public schools (Karchmer, 2003). The Department of Education learned that the biggest problem of the deaf and mute children that prevents them from getting the same opportunities as the hearing children is communication. Many of the public schools already accommodate deaf and mute children but are not providing these children with the same communication tools that are appropriate for their needs. The deaf and mute communication needs are highly specialised and, when unfulfilled, could be isolating. Worse, the absence of communication tool for the deaf and mute are making them perform poorl y in school. It is affecting their ability to learn and pay back their skills side by side other children. The deaf and mute and hard of hearing are also finding it difficult to develop relationships with their hearing classmate (Karchmer, 2003). More than one study has already testified that the transmitting of knowledge outside(a) of the classroom is critical in the growth of child and in the development of a childs skills and abilities (Armstrong, 1994 Crossley, 2000 Curry 1983 Mills 1959). When there is not enough socialization and interaction outside of the school, confidence and self-esteem also dont develop enough to give them the willingness to pursue careers that the hearing is able to pursue (Marjoribanks, 200). The Department of Education also discovered that many public schools are not interpreting that laws correctly that are leading to many deaf and mute children being rejected by many public schools. Public schools are imposing the same requirement from the deaf an d mute

Peoples Republic of China Essay Example for Free

Peoples Republic of China Es jointDifferent countries obligate different societal structures, hea thenish noms and ways of counterfeiting relationships. China has strong traditions and moral values, borne out of a long history. Food In China, fodder is an close to-valuable part of life. The official Language of China is Mandarin. In the Chinese culture there atomic number 18 a vast of Morals and Values that range from humility to respect and ar very important in the Chinese culture. There are two main religions in the Chinese culture.Taoism, also cognize as Daoism, is based on the teachings of the Tao Te Ching, which was writtenin China in the 6th one C BC. The emphasis is on finding spiritual harmony at heart the individual. Buddhism is the dominant religion in China. This began in India 2, 500 years ago and follows the teachings of the Buddha, The Enlightened One. In China, Mahayana Buddhism is particularly common. In this form of Buddhism the path to electric d ischarge involves religious ritual, meditation and devotion. The social structure of China is a hierarchical and formal social structure.For example, in the family, children are expected to respect their elders with the eldestfamily member commanding the greatest respect In the Chinese culture family is defined as mother, father and children. When the female child marries she then is a member of her conserves family and is no longer considered as a member of her family that she was born into. Therefore the family then consists of Mother, father, give-and- puddle and daughter n laws and children. The oldest male in the family has he around term. This soulfulness is considered to be the oldest and the wisest therefore has the most status. In the Chinese culture triumph is determined by purpose.The definition of purpose is thereason for which aroundthing exists. Meaning, why are we here? In the Chinese culture they strongly believe in a ecclesiastic. The creator defines there purpose for them. Amy stated that Every moment of every day, I live my life match to what I believe. Every decision is based on a set of values that guides her in determining the direction she is to go. When asked if she considered her parent to be successful. Her response was yes.She feels as though her parents success is measured by what their purpose was. Her mother purpose was to be a house wife andtake care of the home and her fathers purpose was to work and to provide for the family. Education in the Chinese culture is very important. It starts when the child is very young and in the home. In China, parents are the first educators of their children. Therefore, family precept is the most basic and important education model of their culture. Given the importance of family education, parents put very much and more effort in educating their children and helping them grow as persons. Amy stated that her parent always demanded that she masturbate expert grades in school.She had to attend extra classes to help her achiever higher grades and she was continuously involved in legion(predicate) activities ranging from art, dance or musical classes. She stated that she didnt have much of a say in choosing her classes or clubs that she was a member of. Her parents made all of these decisions for her. Chinese parents tend to care so much intimately their childrens studies that they dont ask them to help in any other fooling tasks. The primary requirement for children is to study hard, do well in exams and graduate from reputable universities so that they could have careers.The reason for this on one hand is childrens own good, as in a dwell and highly competitive society kindred the Chinese, good academic scores nominate probably plight a bright future on the other hand, it is a traditional value orientation that parents go forth be respected if their children have great achievements in society. Therefore, Chinese parents are willing to self-sacrifice and give up their own time, hobbies and interests in order to provide better conditions for their children. In the Chinese culture breakfat is the most important repast.Most Chinese persons startthere day out woth a bowl of Congee, which is like a watery rice that can be seasoned just to give it more flavor, it can be sweet or salty or even spicy and, sometimes, with vegetables, meat or mushrooms if the person chooses. Another typical food that the Chinese heap eat for breakfast is Crullers, they call them also the deep-fried-devils and they are basically twisted strips of dough that been deeply fried in oil, they are very popular in the street stands. The Crullers always are eaten with congee. In China, food is an important part of life. Sharing a meal is the common way to socializein the same way that We may go to a block off or pub for a drink. In the Chinese culture they have a strong fluff not, want not . This means they can make a meal out of just about any combination with ri ce or noodles. In the Chinese culture ricer and noodles are like net income to our culture. Its a common part of every meal. I asked Amy if racism existed in China and she told me no. I asked her what do you think of black quite a little or what do you think of Japanese people, and the performs that she gave me were very racist responses.In my opinion her responses showed me that racism against black people may be the strongest form of racism in China. I asked her how would her family react if she had of married a black man. She stated that she would probably get disowned. She said this is because most black people are known to have very little status or money unless they are basketball players or entertainers. Now the racism against Japanese People in China is just as bad. Some children in China are taught hate songs against Japanese people in elementary school and history books in China that deal with Japan focus virtually exclusively on the terrible thingsJapan did around Wo rld War II, ignoring much of Japans recent history.This project opened my eyes to the differences among cultures. I didnt genuinely understand why some of my coworkers that were Chinese acted the way that they did. For example Amy would never give a direct answer especially of the answer was no. This was because in her culture it was not a common thing to say no, and when one did say no it meant that the relationship was now ended. She would always say, Im not sure or maybe. This then protected her from having to end out working relationship. She also was not very sumate.In herculture displays of affection were seen as disrespectful. I can remember a time when we had got some great news within out department and she was sitting next to me. I immediately reached out and hugged her because she was the main person that worked on the project with me. I felt up a little weird after the embrace because I felt as though I violated her space. But after doing this research on her culture I now understand why. I started out in this class not understanding what I would truly learn from this. But after the assignment I have learned how to effectively communicate with coworkers of the Chinese culture.

Certain chemicals Essay Example for Free

Certain chemicals EssayIf the carry through of plate tectonics were to completely lodge then the ability of the Earth to create mountains by dint of the collisions of two different plates would stop as well. This would recollect that erosion would last abrade these mountains and the amount of sediment created by this activity would eventually reach the numerous oceans and seas. The end result would be a rise in sea level that would eventually deglutition up the entire knowledge base mass of the Earth and sort of global ocean would be created as a result (sprightliness in the universe 2001). This would of course mean the extinction of all the land base species on the protrude of the planet. B. ) Weathering aids initiate the erosion of rocks, top domain or other exposed surfaces of the Earth through either changes in the climate or weather conditions while erosion on the other workforce deals in the transport of small rocky material after weathering has broken it down (B oardsman 2002). These two processes encourage to release valuable minerals in the soil which faeces be carried transfer to the sea to nourish it or to create land suitable for plant life (Boardsman 2002).Not only that but it is these two processes that champion to regulate the landmass on the planet brought about by plate tectonics which creates new land masse. If erosions and weathering stopped the seas and oceans would non be able to get the valuable nutrients they need to support life and the surface of the Earth would be filled with massive mountains that would make it hard to live on. 2. Evaluate the following statements A. We should not get worried about picture show to toxic chemicals because al close all chemical at a high dosage can cause harm.This statement is false. Certain chemicals at even low dosages can be fatal to human beings. For example if ingested even in tiny drops arsenic is fatal to most people and can cause an extremely painful death within hours (Gilb ere 2008). Another example is sulphuric acid which can kill a person if splashed on the wrong bea of the body. in that location is actually a wide variety of chemicals in the world today that dont rely on intensiveness to kill as much(prenominal) a person should take caution when they handle, ar near to or have been splashed by any sort of chemical (Gilbere 2008). B.We should not worry about exposure to UV light and toxic chemicals because though transmissible adaptation, we can develop immunity to such chemicals/UV light. Genetic adaptation takes millions of years to accomplish as such overexposure today for a person without meet protection can lead to skin cancer, a variety of skin diseases, a bad sunburn, heating stroke or a variety of other maladies that affect a persons health (Guhl 2005). As such the presend multiplication or even the next 10 generations would not be able to get from any developments in genetic adaptation overdue to the time evolve.Due to this peo ple should be wakeful of their exposure to UV light and must take precautions in order not develop any skin related problems. C. We should not worry about exposure to toxic chemicals because we can use genetic engineer to reduce our susceptibility to the effects of toxic chemicals. Genetic engineering can only do so much when it comes to developing electrical resistance to certain types of chemicals. Not only that since the process would take an fabulously long period of time due to the current level of technology but the present generation or even the one after that would not be able to benefit from it.Genetic engineering can only do so much to build up a natural resistance to an fake substance for example strong acids can even melt rock imagine what it could do to flesh no matter how genetically improved it may be. Artificial substances and natural substances by their very(prenominal) nature argon polar opposites as such there will always be an artificial substance that can harm a natural one no matter the level of gain it has undergone (Gilbere 2008). Part 2 1. Which is a better choice at the grocery store account bulge out? Plastic bag? Or tissue bag?Explain your respond None of the choices given are better choices. Paper, plastic or even tissue bags still represent the use of materials that will eventually fill up landfills and cause pollution. Paper bags are sources from trees as such their use and production way that trees which could have absorbed the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or provided support for loose top soil to prevent landslides are instead used to hold groceries. Not only that but paper bags are comfortably destroyed through either physical force or liquid substances.As such their reusability is rather unreliable under the vanquish of circumstances. One recurring myth is that recycled paper bags actually help the purlieu unfortunately this is not true as it may seem. The trucks used to transport paper to the cycle centers , the chemicals used to remove the respective dyes from the paper as well as to sanitize it combined with the process of boiling, process and drying actually uses up more resources and leaves a larger carbon and chemical footprint than processing an average tree into paper.Plastic bags on the other hand are more durable than paper bags and are easily reused for other purposes such as trash bags, holders or covers unfortunately though in the end they are still thrown away and unlike their paper counterparts do not dissolve down in the environment as easily and when it comes to recycling also uses up more resources to obtain than the average plastic bag. Tissue bags on the other hand are just as easily destroyed as paper bags and are just as expensive to recycle.The best choice would be to bring a cloth bag. The are sold or even given away for detached at most department stores, they can be used for several(prenominal) years at a time and not only that they are more easily broken d own in the environment as compared to plastic bags. 2. Explain how fossil fuels are formed? Fossil fuels are formed when organisms such as algae zooplankton, phytoplankton as well other organisms die settle on the sea floor.extra time when clusters of these organisms are covered by sand and silt and the conditions are just right their organic social system starts to break down after several million years the end result is a sinister liquid material that is processed by refineries and turned into modern day gasoline. The reason its called fossil fuels is due to the fact that a fossil, by definition, is the remains of a dead organism and that is what fossil fuels are. 3. Is it ever achievable to be completely healthy?While it is possible through a healthy diet and comely exercise to attain a healthy body for an extended period of time there are setbacks that happen that prevent people from being completely healthy. For example a person who tried his/ her best to be healthy through dieting or exercise can never prevent his/herself from promise a disease, virus, sickness etc. No matter who the person is they will get sick several times over the course of their life and as such can never be classify as completely healthy (Brian 2009).4. Can we design buildings or houses that save energy? Explain your answer Yes buildings that can save energy can be designed to saved energy can be made and are actually in existence. A lot of houses these days have an insulating material installed halfway the outer and inner wall of the house. When winter comes along this insulating material helps to keep heat in and refrigerant out thus saving on heating bills. Another example is the use of solar panels on the roofs of houses.These days the use of solar energy panels has been advertised as a means to save electrical energy and to even make money off of since any excess energy produced can be sent into the local power grid and the homeowners of the solar powered house can mak e money off of the power company while saving energy at the same time (Flin 2006). List of References Life in the Universe. (2001). Platetectonics. Retrieved on May 19, 2010 from http//www. lifeinuniverse. org/Platetectonics-05-02-01. html Gilbere, Gloria. TOTAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT Requires Conscious LivingNot Getting-by on Auto-pilot. gist Health 30. 2 (2008) 48-50 Flin, David. Hot shots solar powered home. Power Engineer 20. 3 (2006) 16-19. Brian, Sarah Jane. making a of difference. pedant Parent Child 16. 7 (2009) 38-42. Guhl, Sven, et al. Bivalent Effect of UV Light on Human climb Mast CellsLow-Level Mediator Release at Baseline but Potent Suppression Upon Mast Cell Triggering. diary of Investigative Dermatology 124. 2 (2005) 453-456 Boardman, John. The need for soil conservation in Britain revisited. Area 34. 4 (2002) 419-427.

The Evolving Shape of Elite Politics Essay Example for Free

The Evolving Shape of Elite Politics EssayThis paper looks at four intensifys inwardly china in the past decade that has contri scarceed to the authoritiesal inter deviates emerging in chinaware. First the coevalsal changes within the top lead of China, second the economic reading and differentiation. Third the events of Tianenmen square in 1989 and their subsequent crook. twenty-five percent the changing domestic and international semi semi policy-making environments that possess emerged post-Cold War. These four factors clear interacted and impacted each different in creating the current political environment. plot Deng Xiaoping, the paramount Leader considered he and m both of his cohorts the second generation of drawing cardship, in reality they were still from the first generation. With the passing of Li Xiannian (Jiangs closest political supporter), Hu Qiaomu, Chen Yun, and Dengs closing in 1997, the revolutionary generation no longer dominated the polit ical scene. Jiang Zemin and his generation were technocrats who were promoted through bureaucratic service.They were trained to focus on the many problems China was facing, rather than the ideological agendas previous leaders had rivet on. Without revolutionary contributions these new leaders shooted to legitimize their role. This was done through enforcement of norms and procedures, as well as a forge of policies and consensus. Because of these changes the National Peoples Congress (NPC) and special committees thrust been able to take a to a greater extent than active role as well as force some constraints. The role of law (or the need for it) has also found greater emphasis in Chinese government.Since Tianenmen the economy in China has to a greater extent than doubled its size. The structure of the economy has drastically changed with the offset of the private economy. There has been a continual growth in foreign trade. Utilizing Chinas comparative advantage they have develo ped labor-intensive industries and incrementd their international trade markets. They are also developing high-tech/information industries. The township and village enterprise (TVE) sector was privatized and grew rapidly, but is currently suffering stagnation in job creation. State enterprises have performed poorly. With diversification of economic interests, crystallizes have earnd job loss (39 million between 1996-2000) both urban as well as rural. The governance is facing more enquires from various interest groups and finding a need to be more suit with society.The government expanded the role of intermediate associations to articulate the interests of various groups. But it is very limited concord to western standards. There has also been an increase in the number of strikes and demonstrations, with better organization and more assorted groups participating than in the past. While the government will suppress these actions, they also must take them into draw in order to avoid rebellion. Counterrevolutionary labels are no longer a feasible stratagem to suppress protests. Interregional and intraregional income inequalities (thought to stem in part from the abuse of political power) have given rise to issues of kindly justice. These demands are represented by millions of workers and farmers rather than (as in the past) a small group of intellectuals.In the eighties on that point were two political choices, conservatism and reform. Reformers tried to instigate two separations enterprises from the government, and the Party from the government. These moves had weakened the Partys political dominance. The Tiananmen demonstrations and crackdown made leaders realize the importance of cordial st baron. This and the break-up of the Soviet Union forced the leadership to greet a third possibility, social, political and economic decay. Intellectuals and reformers tempered their desire for rapid political change.A continue for a multi party governing bod y and electoral democracy dec melodic phrased there was still a demand for social or economic democracy or equality however. The 15th Party Congress report forceful their desired direction of separating enterprises and the government its pursuit of membership to the WTO reinforces this direction. The Party has managed to keep within bounds the divergence of social stability and enterprise reform from creating a divide and possible leadership crisis from occurring.The end of socialist economy in Eastern Europe had many intellectuals in China rethinking their economic and political reforms. They saw Russia caseful economic and political decline with social disorder, corruption and crime. This caused some in China to question neo-liberal economics, political democracy, and other Western practices. This allowed the government more freedom to reject Western models and bring in incremental reform. In the early 1990s relations with the U.S. became tenser. The U.S. was opposed to China h osting the 2000 Olympics. Many Chinese perceived the country they admired not only reject their government but also oppose them as a nation. The Ameri female genital organ political and economic model became less appealing to Chinese and demand for democratic reform was reduced.Generational transformations of leadership, the growth and diversification of societal interests, and changes in domestic and international political context have strengthened the role of political norms, diminished the role of ideology, enhanced institutions and begun to forge a new state-society human relationship and a new sense of nationalism.While ideology has played a diminished role in Chinese society, the leaders ideology still exists, it forms and shapes his style of leadership, and distinguishes him from other leaders eras. Mao was seen as a central political leader able to instill unity Dengs role was seen as decentralizing and acquire the economy going. Jiang has not been able to portray a stro ng vision, often a weakness of technocrats whose master(prenominal) strength is to fix problems. He must also contend with problems at home and abroad. When Jiang engages with the world, domestically he is seen as moving away from Chinese interests.To establish legitimacy Jiang was determined to form an ideological system. This system he believed would increase his present influence and also his future influence and power. (Only he would have the ability to decide if policy is being followed or not). There does not appear to be an evolution of leadership from single leader to institutions. In 2000 Jiang introduced Three Representations these being the Party represents the broad mass of the population, mod culture, and advanced forces of production.Jiangs push for improving the construction of Party style brings into question Marxist ideology. The plenum views Marxism as a methodological analysis for understanding the world rather than a set of conclusions. Jiang went further and declared class struggle dead, and there by opening up the door for capitalists to enter the Party. He also called for a re-evaluation of Marxist surmise on labor and labor value. Fewsmiths logic follows if wages are determined by supply and demand (neoclassical view) there cannot be exploitation. If the exploitation idea is not Party doctrine, there leaves little need for a Communist Party. Jiang called for inner-Party reform to further democratic reform, it was thought by some that Party reform was need to increase its legitimacy. (But a democratic opening any duration soon shouldnt be expected).With an absence of revolutionary legitimacy, ideology has lost its persuasive influence, and Party discipline has declined, individualized power and ties appears to be more important. savor Tsou identified the central characteristic of 20th century Chinese politics as monistic, unified and indivisible. We can see examples of this in Jiangs reshaping of an ideology, marking it as his, a nd securing his penity through promoting his protgs. There exists a heathenish framework, a personalistic system and ideological system to support the Party line.Factionalism is not tolerated so efforts to thwart that line are a threat to enter into a support to win all. It is more than one leader replacing another, it is a re-orientation of Party policy and often occurs during a period of crisis such as chase Tiananmen, where a redefining of the Party line was done in a way to weaken and marginalize Deng. other example was a 10,000 character manifestos that challenged Jiang to define his line.Jiang s agreement to step down as universal secretary of the 16th Party Congress while a lodge and well is an unprecedented step in the transition of power. His replacement Hu Jintao is not considered a Jiang loyalist. Jiangs only hope of continuing to exercise power by and by Hu replaces him is by consolidating his ideological vision and promoting those loyal to him that will keep him in the loop. Jiangs only hope of maintaining influence is through informal politics. Other top leaders also participate in informal politics as manifested when Jiang tried to promote Zeng and was thwarted. Many believe the reason had more to do with bureaucratic and individual interest than ideological concerns. Will Jiang be able to retain power and influence afterward he leaves piece? That question reflects the change of era and the role of formal norms, and weakening ideology-taking place in China.We have seen changes in state/society relations, the role of ideology, and an increase in norms and institutions. All these have conditioned the rules of the game in Chinese politics. Social divisions have emerged, with corruption and advantages given to special interests at the expense of laws and institutions. globalisation and the entrance of China into the WTO is another authority for disrupting politics and society in China.The antecedents main arguments is that with a generat ional change, economic development, and the environment of Tianenmen Square and the changing situation with other superpowers like the Soviet Union and the U.S., China is changing and becoming more economically democratic and showing signs of a softening toward political change as well. That being said, he points out that ideology is still an important factor in Chinese politics, and that there is a strong tendency in the Party to operate under a personalistic system. While it is a big change to have a leader step down in China while he is still alive, Jiang is trying to hold on to his power through his ideology and live on through his policies, much like previous leaders ideologies transcended their era. This paper helps us understand that change is a slow process and culture and values run very deep. It brings to mind the saying The more things change, the more they stay the same.The first half(prenominal) of the paper covered well the four changes that have occurred and interact ed to create change within the political system. His introductory was good and gave a good overall view of the political climate that existed previously and also the new developments and there effect on Chinese politics. The second half of the paper however did not utilize those four factors well in do his case that these factors were prestigious in party politics. He mainly focused on the generational aspect and the importance of personal ties in Chinese politics. He also researched Jiangs legitimacy and steps taken to earn him influence after his tenure is over. While Fewsmith was able to provide a lot of information and overall history as well as emerging trends, his focus was too wide to give enough empirical shew to support any of his ideas fully. I would like to have read more about the economic development changes and reforms that have created inequality and civil unrest and how the Party is managing those to maintain stability. HeJiang has struggled with his legitimacy mu ch of his time in office. He didnt have revolutionary ties, the party discipline is not as strong as in previous years, and he did not have an ideology. He has had to resort to different measures to get ahead his legitimacy. By creating an ideology he also hoped to gain legitimacy in his position. He knew he was leaving office but as those before him he wanted to leave his mark and influence decisions for future generations. I wonder the intent behind Jiangs bold statements. Is it possible that by declaring class struggle dead and making an opening for capitalists, Jiang hoped to garner future support from potentially powerful allies or is he unfeignedly pushing for reform? His call for a party reform to be more democratic, his allowing more political participation or representation than previously are other ways he tried to gain legitimacy. Were those moves inspired by a need to gain more Party consensus, were they motivated by political pressure, were they self motivated, was he testing the waters, or is change in the near future inevitable?The author proposes the new government is able to make changes and do things differently than the first generation of leaders because no one is around to enforce old party politics. The new generation is more technocrats and we have seen an increase of norms and procedures and consensus being followed yet party lines run long and deep. Is there really a generational change among Chinas leaders or are they being replaced with Protgs from the past such as Deng Xi8aopias in Hu. Even with Deng being dead, he still lives on through his protg Jiang and now Hu. Hu is not a loyalist to Jiang, with Jiang being unable to promote his followers to high positions or to replace him it would appear as if Jiangs power is weak or is it that norms and institutions are becoming more powerful than the old personalistic system?The author mentioned Tianenmen demonstrations and the collapse of the Soviet Union being important factors in creat ing change in elite politics. antecedently the only options available seemed conservative or reform but after these events, social, political and economic collapse seemed another option. For this reason stability is very important in Chinese politics. They will avoid any rapid political change to avoid chaos. There is a strong need to reform, especially government enterprises. With such a large percentage of people being out of work because of these reforms, and more potential changes on the way with membership to the WTO, how is the government going to be able to keep such tense control and maintain stability?

Employment responsibilities Essay Example for Free

Employment responsibilities Essay empathize employment responsibilities and rights in health, friendly c argon or children and young wads settings. Out go far 1 hunch over the statutory responsibilities and rights of employees and employers within proclaim argona of earn1 Health safety, minimum wage, on the job(p) hours, equality2 Health Safety at Work Act 1974 An act put in place to look after the health, safety and welfare of people at work, for protecting separates against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of people at work. Equality Act 2010 This act leg eachy protects people from discrimination in the workplace. Employment Rights Act 1996 This act explains what rights employees have in a place of work. For specimen, judgment of conviction off work, guaranteed wages, dismissal and redundancy.3 To protect employees against circumstances they may face in their working lives. any psyche who works for an employer is protected from dis crimination in the workplace, has the right to receive the national minimum wage, and to work no much than 48 hours per week unless they wish to. These employee rights apply regardless of whether the employee or worker is temporary, fixed-term or permanent, or how long they have worked for the employer. These laws provide rules and regulations that must be followed.4 Sources and types of selective information and advice available do-nothing be, speaking directly to music directors, reading policies and procedures, looking on the internet (direct.gov.uk) , going to a citizen advice bureau or joining a union.Outcome 2 understand agreed ways of working that protect avouch relationship with employer1 My contract of employment at Crown House even ups the avocation job title, provisional period, place of work, pay, deductions, hours of work,overtime, time recording, short time working and lay off, annual holidays, semi frequent holidays, sick pay, inebriant and drug testing, pension, notice and garden leave.2 My payslip includes the following information company refer, department, payment method, payment period, payments, hours, rate, amount, deductions (PAYE tax, subject area Insurance, Pension), totals, week/month, date, department number, tax code, employee number, employee name and net total.3 If you have a grade relating to your employment, you should in the first instance raise this with the manager. If the grievance cannot be settled informally, you must set out the grievance and the basis for it in writing and submit it to the Area Manager.4- Personal information that must be unplowed up to date with own employer can include change of name, marital status, change of address, any medical examination conditions that may affect work, any medication prescribed that may affect work and any altercations with the police must be admitted.5 Agreed ways of working includes policies and procedures, which may cover areas much(prenominal)(prenomin al) asData protection how confidential files relating to staff or function users are stored in cupboards where access is entirely given if get hold ofed.Conflict management if there is any conflict between staff members this should be bought to the perplexity of the manager and he/she should try to resolve this professionally.Anti-discriminatory practise staff and returns users allow for not be discriminated regardless of their age, gender, sexuality, religion, ethnic background or disability.Health and safety staff should wear appropriate clothing, for example flat shoes and covered up. It is staffs responsibility to narrative any health andsafety issues they may come across, whether it be broken equipment or maintenance acquireed within the building.Equality and diversity staff and expediency users must be treated equally but not all the same. Opportunities should not be at sea just because somebody may need extra support to do something. For example, if a sensory direction is upstairs and somebody cannot manage the stairs for whatever reason, help should be given (lift, stair lift) so that person can access the room.Outcome 3 Understand how own role fits within the wider context of the sphere of influence1 My job description is to provide centred focused care to operate users. To provide opportunities for answer users to increase their knowledge and experience, to encourage them to maintain present sk unbalanceds and learn new ones, and to enable them to gain more control over their lives. To manage and minimise behaviours as best as possible. To ensure the four signalize principles of the Valuing People document are adhered to at all times Rights Independence Choice and Inclusion. public and administration duties. ** Important this is not exhaustive and is subject to review in line with the changing require of the unit and/or the needs of the service users.2 PositiveNegativeAccessing community and participating in activities of en joyment People may be at risk to themselves and others (staff, members of public) Gives the company a good nameService users not motivated, become lazyImproves service users development and remain stimulatedBehaviours may be displayed oftenKeep service users safeGives the company a bad reputation3 other people in which staff need to communicate with will include, butare not modified to, the following Residential homes to find out how the service user has been at home (behaviours, illness), allow them of know of any lunch requirements (picnics, cooked lunch), ensure money is sent in for planned activities, make sure the service user is dressed appropriately for planned activities. Speech and Language Therapists to assess, monitor and review a service users eating and swallowing if any problems have been noticed and reported, to offer help with communication aids and techniques. Mental health team attend regular appointments with service users to see how they are, is medication working? Any new problems/obsessions? How vagary has been? (agitated, confused, depressed) Any behaviour triggers?4 CQC are regulators for all health and social care serve in Enlgand. A regulator is an organisation that checks services meet the governments standards or rules about care. They overly look after the rights of people who need extra support to stay safe. This includes people who are unploughed in care under a law called the Mental Health Act. The governments standards cover all areas of care. These rules are about things like respecting people and treating them in the way we all expect to be treated. making sure people receive the food and drink they need. giving people care in clean, safe buildings. managing services and having the right staff.CQC put care services on their register if they meet the standards, or act quickly if they do not. They continue to use different information to find out as much as they can about services. Information from the public abou t their experiences of care is very main(prenominal) to CQC. They withal work with local groups and people who use services to find out whats working well and whats working badly in health and social care services in their area. Inspectors check services all over England to make sure they meet the rules for safe, effective, compassionate and high-quality care.Care services, and other organisations like the NHS, also give CQC information about certain things that happen. For example, they will check a service if more people are dying there than usual. They act quickly to blocking unsafe services or bad ways of working. They say what needs to change and go back to check things are better. CQC can also fine people or companies, giveservices a public warning, stop the service caring for any new people, stop a service caring for people eyepatch they find out what is happening and even omit services down.Outcome 4 Understand life pathways available within own related sectors1 To be a care home manager you would need the following qualifications * at least two long time senior management or supervisory experience in a relevant care setting within the past quintuple years * a qualification appropriate to the care you will be providing, such as NVQ Level 4 in Health and friendly Care, a degree in social work or nurse (with live registration) * a management qualification, such as NVQ Level 4 in Leadership and steering for Care Services (which replaces the Registered Managers Award (RMA)) or equivalent like a Diploma in counsel Studies, or a Management NVQ Level 4 . To be a nurse you would need the following qualifications around 5 GCSEs (or equivalent) of Grade C and above including English Literature or Language, Mathematics and a science subject. to take a breast feeding degree courses you will normally need at least 2 A-Level s or equivalent. all nurse training is done by universities.They offer nursing diplomas or degrees which take three years to comp lete. The diplomas however are world phased out and most universities are moving to degree unaccompanied in September 2011 all universities must move to degree only by September 2013 to work as a nurse in the United Kingdom you must be registered with the Nursing and Midwifery Council. The title Registered Nurse is only given to you when you have that registration. To be a social worker you would need the following qualifications a three-year undergraduate degree or a two-year postgraduate degree in social work that is approved by the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). more university courses are full-time, although some work-based routes with part-time study may also be available.You will typically need the following qualifications in order to study for an undergraduate degree in social work five GCSEs (A-C) including English and mathsat least two A levels, or an equivalent qualification such as a BTEC NationalDiploma or NVQ Level 3 in Health and Social Care. You shou ld check entry requirements, as colleges and universities may accept alternatives like an Access to Higher Education or substantial relevant work experience (paid or voluntary). If you already have a degree, you could do a two-year postgraduate Masters degree in social work.When you apply for social work training, you should ideally already have some paid or voluntary experience in a social work or care setting. You will also need to pass background checks by the revelation and Barring Service (DBS). Previous convictions or cautions may not automatically prevent you from this type of work.2 In order to become a Deputy Manager of a day service such as Crown House, I would speak to my current manager and find out all the information I needed to know. I could also get in contact with the companies head office and if need be any training providers.3 The next steps in my career pathway are as followsAny refresher training to update my knowledge and remind me what I learnt last time, t his will include NAPPI training. Attend first aid course and SOVA course annuallyComplete NVQ level 3 by December 2015Mental health training by June 2016Outcome 5 Understand how issues of public concern may affect the image and delivery of services in the sector1 The following are cases where the public have raised concerns regarding issues within the care sectorWinterbourne ViewBaby PAsh CourtFiona ChisholmOrme House2 Abuse took place at Winterbourne View, a hospital for long-sufferings with encyclopaedism disabilities and challenging behaviours in Gloucestershire. A Panorama investigation broadcast on television in 2011, unfastened the physical and psychological abuse suffered by people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour at the hospital. local anesthetic social services and the English national regulator (Care Quality Commission) had received various warnings but the mistreatment continued. sensation senior nurse reported his concerns to the management at Winterbourne View and to CQC, but his complaint was not taken up. The footage showed staff repeatedly assaulting and harshly restraining patients under chairs.Staff gave patients cold punishment showers, left one external in near zero temperatures, and poured mouthwash into anothers eyes. They pulled patients hair and forced medication into patients mouths. Victims were shown screaming and shaking, and one patient was seen trying to jump out of a second floor window to escape the torment, and was then mocked by staff members. One patient was repeatedly poked in the eyes. A clinical psychologist who reviewed the footage described the abuse as torture.On 21 June 2011, 86 people and organisations wrote to the Prime Minister, David Cameron about the revelations, We are aware of the various actions shortly being taken within and outside government such as the DH review and CQC internal inquiry. We accept to make submissions to those both individually and collectively. However, on the ir own these will not be enough and a clear programme is needed to achieve change. The prime minister responded saying he was appalled at the catalogue of abuses Panorama uncovered.In June 2011 the Association of Supported Living issued a press statement, which was followed up in writing to every member of parliament in the United Kingdom, calling for community based support living services to replace institutional services for people with learning disabilities.The Daily Mail say Without the investigation by the BBCs Panorama, given huge coverage in the Mail, the abuse of patients at Winterbourne View talent be continuing to this day. As it is, the secure hospital and two other carehomes have been shut down, 11 guilty staff have been brought to justice and a devastating report now exposes the successive failings of the local NHS, police and health watchdogs. For the past year, the Leveson Inquiry has focused relentlessly on the failings of the media. Never let it be forgotten ho w much this country owes, in the fight against cruelty and corruption, to its free Press.The Daily telecommunicate said, It is impossible to read the details of what went on at Winterbourne View, a care home for the severely disenable in Gloucestershire, without tonicitying repelled. In the wake of an expos from the BBCs Panorama, 11 members of staff were convicted of almost 40 charges of neglect and ill treatment of those in their care.The national regulator, the CQC did a nationwide check on facilities owned by the same company, Castlebeck Care as a result three more institutions have been closed. The CQC reported a systemic failure to protect people or to investigate allegations of abuse and said that Castlebeck Care had misled the health watchdog.The CQC also inspected 132 similar institutions and a Serious Case Review was commissioned. The head of the Care Quality Commission resigned out front of a critical government report, a report in which Winterbourne View was cited. Mencap published a report warning that similar abuse could be going on elsewhere and calling for the closure of all large institutions far from peoples families. Eleven people pleaded guilty to criminal offences of neglect or abuse as a result of evidence from Undercover Care and six of them were jailed. Immediately after the eleventh person pleaded guilty, the Serious Case Review was published, revealing hundreds of previous incidents at the hospital and missed warnings.3 The public seems to have lost faith in such regulators and companies as this has been reocurring for a number of years. The media have issued a lot of publicity stating how care companies, social services and regulators have let the victims down by solely not taking these cases seriously enough and ensuring the well-being and standards are being met. The public may feelreluctant to use the care services to look after their family members. These issues also give the care sector a bad reputation.4 Recent changes i n service delivery which have affected own area of work includes staff being supervised and appraised on a regular basis, changes to medication being administered, NAPPI training to prevent forceful restraining, ensuring incident/accident forms are completed correctly and signed by witnesses if needed and up to date training, policies and procedures.

Public Policy Essay Example for Free

existence Policy EssayPublic policies are tools of governments used satisfy certain wants and needs of the citizenry that they cannot efficaciously satisfy individually or that are better served through collective action. Public Policy is political laws, rules and regulation, funding and courses of actions that are measured by the government. Public policies can be complex and can quickly change under most circumstances. According to Medical University of South Carolina, Individuals and groups often attempt to shape exoteric indemnity through education, advocacy, or mobilization of interest groups ( MUSC, 2012). The study of public policies is the examination of the creation, by the government, of the rules, laws, and goals, and standards that mildew what government does or does not do to create resources, benefits, costs, and burdens. There are mevery different areas think to Public insurance that affect every one individual by way of education, economic development, w ellness care, housing, employment income, and immigration just to name a few.There are also international policies as well that affect the US such as importing and exporting goods that go out into the economy, weapons, and terrorism. any level of government, whether federal, state, or local may be involved in a particular insurance policy effort because social problems, and the public demand for action on them, manifest themselves from the local to the national level. alone areas of public policies are important and should be addressed as top priority because some policies such as education are just not a top priority. Schools, recreational centers, and teachers are universe closed and laid off daily due to public policies and politicians trying to figured out shipway to cut cost and meet budget requirements. Without parks and recreational centers for our children, crime is more likely to maturation among our youth as well as the unemployment rate increasing among our teache rs and without teachers, how are our youth going to produce and learn what is needed to become tax paying citizens in society? Public policy is delineate by Websters as the The basic policy or set of policies forming the foundation of public laws, especially such policy not yet formally enunciated. The United States Government has many policies in the area of the environment. The environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in 1970 to help identify environmental problems in our nation, and to set policy on how to deal with those problems. Yet, with so much money spent by the government to deal with problems with the environment, it must be noted that problems still exist, even within the bureaucracy that was meant to help in the first place.During the presidential grounds of the last election, an issue arose concerning the energy crisis that was driving gasoline and oil prices up throughout our country. Vice prexy Al Gore supported President Clintons ideology of waiting for the proper legislative initiatives to pass through Congress, and when the situation merited, provide some limited releases of oil from the national oil reserve. Candidate George W. Bush, on the new(prenominal) had, favored drilling in the government protected lands of Alaska to find future oil reserves so that America would no longer be so dependent on foreign oil. The problem with Bushs plan, agree to Gore, was that this could be devastating to the environment of the scarcely populated Alaskan wilderness. Regardless of the political, legal or honorable implications of such drilling, there are problems dealing with multiple types of rationality in this issue. Others have noted the ontogenesis evidence that the increase in recent years in the frequency of such mega-hurricanes as Katrina is a result of international warming. A checklist of environmental policy failures must also include the administrations head-in-the-sand approach to global warming. The Bush administration has aggressively undermined international efforts to forcefully address such potentially catastrophic changes in the worlds climate as a result of carbon dioxide emissions in the United States and other industrialized nations. It is unachievable to say whether even a responsible approach to climate change would have lessened Katrinas fury. further the fact remains that scientists believe global warming exit make future hurricanes more severe. The presidents policy of blocking meaningful efforts to reduce global warming emissions no doubt means that future storms will do greater damage than they would otherwise. Huffington Post reported that Bush was heavily criticized at the time for the governments reply to Katrina, a storm that caused 1,833 fatalities, damaged an estimated $81 billion in property, and ranks among the five deadliest hurricanes in United States history. He remained on vacation in Texas as the hurricane rocked the Gulf Coast, before belatedly cutting his trip all of a sudden and returning to Washington (Huffington Post, 2013).ReferencesA Third Of Louisiana Republicans Blame Obama For Hurricane Katrina Response Under Bush. (2013). Breaking intelligence and Opinion on The Huffington Post. Retrieved from http//www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/21/obama-hurricane-katrina_n_3790612.html Definitions of Public Policy and the Law. (2012). Welcome to the Medical University of South Carolina. Retrieved from http//www.musc.edu/vawprevention/policy http//www.musc.edu/vawprevention/policy/definition.shtml Dictionary and Thesaurus Merriam-Webster Online. (2013). Dictionary and Thesaurus Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved from http//www.merriam-webster.com/

Hamlet & the melancholy character Essay Example for Free

Hamlet the melancholy character hearHamlet, as the melancholy character has a lot to blame his sadness on. He is constantly intermeshed by the thoughts of revenge and death but these forces ar counterbalanced by his need to be twice sure of his uncles guilt. This drives him to be boast irrationally, prompting suggestion of madness and act impulsively which hold outs to the death of Polonius. He is earthipulated by several things throughout the play and is constantly feeling the burden of being impelled in one direction or the other by forces which were alien to him only a couple of eld back when he was a scholar and the app arent heir to the throne. The ghost of his father leaves him with a travail to be completed along with the grief of mourning a father and watching his mother baffle the wife of the murderer, with what he considers indecent haste. Hamlet is motivated and driven by the uttering of his fathers ghost, his cause filial obligation, and the brashness of t he murderer in marrying his own mother to usurp his throne. He is driven to sometimes behave and sometimes pret residue to be mad to ensure that his thoughts are non revealed to his uncle Claudius. He is driven to misogyny by his apparent loss of belief in women after his mothers behavior.He is driven to collect the evidence to his fathers death at the hands of his uncle because his thoughtful disposal and erudition do not allow him to find arguments beyond reasonable doubt to form a basis for vengeful natural actions. All these instances when he is driven in directions much against his own volition lead him to believe that he is being manipulated at all levels by situations and people. He is also, perhaps, suspicious of the fact that his friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are used to spy on him and manipulate him into certain actions or words.He implores his friend Guildenstern to play the holler to divert the attention from his own discomfiture. But when he refuses to play cl aiming that he does not have both knowledge of playing a pipe, he accuses Guildenstern of being incapable of playing the pipe but manipulating him (Hamlet) kindred a pipe by blowing thoughts into his mind and subtly handling his emotions in a way as to hit the notes desired by people around him. Hamlet is preoccupied with two things throughout the play. They are the basis for action and inaction and his dismay at being manipulated by several things and persons.Arguably, if Hamlet were not the prey to his own inaction, so many of the lives lost in the play would have been saved. regular(a) the last-place revenge he exacts is not his own doing but the foul play of Claudius that goes awry. He readily gives up all other purpose in his life and begins the journey of revenge (which he eventually discovers that he is singularly incapable of) when his fathers ghost reveals the secret of his death. Ay, thou poor ghost, while reminiscence holds a seat In this distracted globe. Remember t heeYea, from the table of my memory Ill wipe past all trivial fond records, All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past, That youth and observation copied there And thy didactics all alone shall live Within the book and volume of my brain, Unmixd with baser matter yes, by heaven (1. 5. 103-110) Even one of the most famous soliloquies from hamlet are of the effect that Hamlet is being troubled by the cruel hand dealt to him by fate. To be, or not to be that is the question Whether tis nobler in the mind to puzzleThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die,to sleep, No more and by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That mush is heir to,tis a consummation Devoutly to be wishd. To die,to sleep(3. 1. 58-66) Even his attempts to contemplate self-annihilation are his thoughts that are bound and led by influences foreign to himself. There is also evidence of such distrau ght thinking on the part of Hamlet in other instances.When he enquires his friends why they have come to meet him, whether they had come of their own volition r they had been summoned, he describes the state of mankind as an inanimate thing that is given too much value. What a piece of work is a man how noble in reason how infinite in faculty in form and moving how pull up and admirable in action how like an angel in apprehension how like a paragon the beauty of the world the paragon of animals And yet, to me, what is this quintessence of dust? man delights not me no, nor woman neither,(2. 2. 291-297)Hamlet feels manipulated by his varied feelings and motivations. He sometimes feels he is just an instrument of revenge. In some instances he feels he is the sum of all contrasting wisdom which prevents him from taking any decisive action. All these contradictions and the preponderance of thoughts somewhat self and the motivations behind actions and the multilayered questioning of wi sdom in taking or delaying a particular action make Hamlet the most complicated and accomplished characterization of Shakespearean tragedies and offers different meanings upon different readings.

Communication and crisis Essay Example for Free

Communication and crisis EssayThe written report focuses on essential communication in the friendship crisis view described in the provided scenario. The paper includes the followingThe individuals or groups that will be communicating at heart and emergeside the organization during this crisis function Potential advantages and challenges associated with communicating within the organization and with the public and private sectors during this crisis situation Differences in communication processes used in crisis situations, including what you learned from the situations in the scenario and how you might incorporate that knowledge to improve health care communication strategies Appropriate technology, such as social media, affecting communication during the crisis situation and how these technologies may be used to enhance communication How technology might be used differently now than it was during the crisis situations described in the scenario Media opportunities during thi s management crisisThe paper cites a minimum of three sources, one from the University subroutine library and another from the course textbooks or Electronic Reserve Readings, to support the papers position. Additional CommentsThe paperincluding the title page, reference page, tables, and any appendicesis consistent with APA guidelines as directed by the facilitator. The paper is laid out with effective use of headings, font styles, and white space. Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed spelling is correct.

Studying Abroad Essay Example for Free

Studying foreign EssayHaving a strong direction is the best way to ensure a good emerging and fulfillng dreams. Therefore, I feel it is important to pursure my higher studies and form decided to take away abroad, in particular. I swallow applied for this scholarship and chosen my major for the following reasons to gain education of high quality, to get interrupt appointment opportunities, and to learn more about other cultures. The first reason for choosing to adopt IS is to gain education of high quality. As we all know, Europe is famous for the education that is provided by its strong universities, best professors, productive educational systems and methods. Graduating from prestigious colleges or universities like that is often regarded as an achievement in itself. Furthermore, a leg from a good foreign university always adds up to ones resume. Secondly, due to the lack of specialists in this major in my country, it is considered an advantage for me to have chosen t o study IS because it will result in getting ameliorate employment opportunities.With the knowledge that I get from studying in such a field and applying ehat I have learned, I will have an added advantage over others. Last but not least, it is an exciting advanture to study out in a completely new enviroment. It will enable me to mature quickly and civilise independence. For instance, joining the university will be the first experience to ad fairish to living away from family and friendes.Though thither will be many difficulties like culture or lack of proficiency in laguage, trouble learn how to live on my own and look after myself after overcoming them. In conclusion, my desire to study abroad is based on getting best level education in the world, being offered better job chances, and experiencing new things. However, it does not mean that one can get this knowledge and experience just by going abroad to study. He / She must choose carefully which college to study in, and stru ggle for what he/she is longing for to improve oneself and ones country.

How far, and in what ways, do you agree that the story Essay Example for Free

How far, and in what ways, do you tot that the fable Essay small town is a revenge cataclysm a writing style originally developed by cheers such as The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas Kyd from 1585-1590. The genre is char turn of eventserized by the inclusion of ending, murder, betrayal, madness, poison, surveillance and the supernatural in the narrative themes that all frequently occur in hamlet. However to what extent does the story of Polonius, Ophelia and Laertes conform to this idea of a revenge tragedy and more broadly, how does the story of the family conform to the genre of tragedy as a whole?One issue is how to define a tragedy Thomas Heywood wrote Comedies begin in trouble and end in peace tragedies begin in calm and end in tempest, Apology for Actors, 1612. By this definition, tragedy generally can be summarised as a sequence of events that lead to the destruction of the bulk of its characters. In this sense, the story of Polonius and his family conforms to the bas ic skeleton of a tragedy by the end of the play Polonius, Laertes and Ophelia are dead. However the familys story does non conform as just to other definitions of tragedy.Tragedy would look with a sceptical eye at what was happening in the gentlemans gentleman around, M. Mangan (1991). Tragedy would look with a sceptical eye implies that tragedy has the role of both(prenominal) viewing and criticising society. This purpose can be applied to Polonius, a character remarkably similar to Queen Elizabeth Is spymaster, Sir Francis Walsingham. Shakespeare spent the majority of his life under Elizabeths rule hence the Elizabeths gentry may arrive aided Shakespeare in creating his constructs. Polonius is characterized by his long, rambling speeches, for example in Act 2 Scene 2Either for tragedy, comedy, history, pastoral, pastorical-comical, historical-pastoral, tragic-historical, tragical-comical-historical-pastoral unlimited The risible repetition of the words tragedy, comedy, hi story and pastoral emphasize the loquaciousness of Polonius, but is perhaps also plaguy Sir Francis Walsingham. Shakespeare is crafting a stereotype that spymasters are loquacious, obsequious characters. Perhaps Shakespeare is criticising society society does not require spymasters spawning hollowness and deceit. If so, Shakespeare is using satire as a tool to portray this viewpoint.Polonius may be used by Shakespeare as a means to act as such a sceptical eye on society, conforming to Mangans concept of the relevance of tragedy in real life. Aristotle was a key figure in defining tragedy, and stated in his Poetics that a typical tragedy consisted of a noble protagonist, with a hamartia (tragic flaw), whose peripeteia (reversal of fortune) is brought ab come to the fore by an anagnorisis (moment of recognition). However it would be unwise to assume that Aristotles Poetics, written in c. 335 BC would still be completely relevant to Shakespearean tragedy, written some two thousand y ears later.However several aspects of Aristotles tragedy can be applied to Polonius and his family. Polonius has his tragic flaw his obsession with spying. He tells Reynaldo before departing to France to spy on Laertes By indirections find directions place (Act 2 Scene 1) Not tho does this indicate his unnatural involution in his sons affairs, so much that he is willing to send a spy to observe his sons possible hedonism in Paris but it also shows that he is experienced as a spymaster. Such advice is most likely to be learned from several years of manipulating people to his advantage. essentially what he is saying is the most direct method of finding the truth is through existence indirect, which holds to be true as we see later in the play with Hamlets The Mousetrap a play indoors a play which exposes Claudius villainy through indirect and subtle methods. Furthermore on the topic of hamartia Laertes has his tragic flaw of overreaction a stark contrast to Hamlet whose tragic f law is procrastination. When asked by Claudius what he will do when Hamlet returns to Denmark to avenge his flummox in Act 4 Scene VII, he replies To cut his throat i the church. This directly mirrors the church scene, where Claudius is vulnerable yet Hamlet refrains from acting out his revenge. This displays Laertes as a traditional revenger, willing to act, unlike Hamlet who considers the legitimacy of the ghosts claims before even considering revenge. Laertes does not take much persuading from Claudius. However it is this over-willingness to act that is the cause of his oddment. In his rage at the terminal of both his father and sister, he plots with Claudius to kill Hamlet a move which kills him as he himself is poisoned by the brand intended for Hamlet.Over-willingness to act is Laertes hamartia and so Laertes also conforms to this tragic skeleton placed out by Aristotle. However perhaps more tragic, although not conforming to Aristotles works, is the question why is Laert es so willing to act? His father was voyeuristic, deceitful and loquacious he used Ophelia as a tool to gain prefer with the king, and spied on Laertes to ensure his name was not tarnished. He was a far from noble man, his life summarised accurately by his demise behind an arras spying on someone. In this regard, it is questionable whether Laertes cheekyness in relation to revenge is justified.From the aspects of Polonius character seen in the play, it does not appear that he was a good father in fact he seems villainous at times for example when he disallows Ophelia to express her cognise for Hamlet, then makes her feel to blame when Hamlet puts on his antic disposition. It is questionable whether Polonius deserves to be avenged. Hamlet seems to simply shrug off the murder of Polonius, noting of what the little worth he was when referring him simply as guts. This could be seen as tragic, as the worthlessness of Polonius character implies that Laertes died for nothing.One expla nation is that Laertes may have been inclined to act out revenge with such little persuasion due to the fact Polonius was all he and his sister had. Since Hamlet put on his antic disposition, Ophelia lacked a love interest, as did Laertes assuming he did not have a lover in Paris moreover they were not allowed to have a love interest due to Polonius caring too much about his image than the wishes of his children. With no love interests, and apparently no motherly figure, they were left with no figure of authority but Polonius, which may be the cause for Laertes brash attitudes towards revenge.Also likely is the concept of family honour driving Laertes revenge, a concept which an Elizabethan audience may have empathised with. The death of Ophelia in a innovational sidereal day sense is considered tragic, like any venture suicide. However during Elizabethan times her death would be considered on a more religious flat coat the priest comments on the questionable nature of her death , and whether it would warrant a Christian burial. This is an example of how the definition of tragedy shifts over time even Laertes does not seem as shaken by the announcement of his sisters death compared to his fathers, perhaps due to the nature of her death.Ophelias death is considered a tragedy in a modern day sense, but at the time her death not so much tragic, but rather symbolised the death of innocence in the play, as part of the build up to the climatic deaths in the final act. However, Ophelias death is an example of how Hamlet is able to transcend traditional ideas on tragedy, and can hold relevance to modern day interpretations of what is considered tragic. In the 21st century, a tragic event is where an individual or group suffers to a greater extent than they are perceived to deserve.It could be argued that however you spin the story of Polonius and his family, they will continuously conform to this modern interpretation of tragedy, as well as the traditional tragedy theorised by Aristotle. Ophelia is being perpetually commanded and ordered throughout the play by the significant characters in her life first Laertes, when he displays his disapproval of her intimacy with Hamlet, and Polonius when he conducts his own play within a play, ordering her to talk to Hamlet while he observes behind an arras.She has little to no freedom, despite the fact she has done nothing violate unlike her brother who had enjoyed the primrose path of dalliance while in Paris, and the voyeuristic indulgence of Polonius. The death of Ophelia to a modern audience is tragic, so in this sense the story of Polonius and his family is a tragedy. I agree that the story of Polonius and his family should be considered a tragedy within a tragedy. Their story contains many of the frequently occurring aspects of a tragedy death, love, murder, revenge and surveillance.As well as this, the family conforms to the concept of a tragedy as laid out by Aristotle. Finally, the story of Po lonius and his family conforms to what is considered tragic in the present, as the tragedy has transcended the period in which the play was written.References Primary Text Shakespeare, W (1600) Hamlet London Penguin (2005) Secondary Texts Aristotle (350 BC) Poetics London Penguin (1997) Heywood, T (1612) An Apology for Actors in the altogether York Scholars Facsimiles Reprints (1999) Mangan, M (1991) A Preface to Shakespeares Tragedies London Longman.